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PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\) (1)
\(R+H_2SO_4\rightarrow RSO_4+H_2\) (2)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\frac{14,56}{22,4}=0,65\left(mol\right)\)
Đặt số mol của \(Al\) là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_R=\frac{2}{3}a\)
Theo PTHH(1): \(n_{Al}:n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=2:3\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\frac{3}{2}a\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH(2): \(n_R=n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\frac{2}{3}a\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{2}a+\frac{2}{3}a=0,65\) \(\Rightarrow a=0,3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_R=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,3\cdot27=8,1\left(g\right)\\m_R=12,9-8,1=4,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow M_R=\frac{4,8}{0,2}=24\) \(\Rightarrow R\) là \(Mg\)
Câu 1:
PTHH:
\(2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
x............3x...............x.............1,5
\(Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\)
y............2y.................y............y
Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol của Al, Mg.
ta có hệ PT:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+2y=0,8\\27x+24y=7,8\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a. \(m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\)
b. \(m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.98=19,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{MgCl_2}=0,1.95=9,5\left(g\right)\)
c. \(V_{H_2\left(pt1\right)}=\left(1,5.0,2\right).22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(pt2\right)}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
a) PTHH
A + 2HCl -> ACl2 + H2
2B + 6HCl -> 2BCl3 + 3H2
nH2 = 17.92/2=0.8 mol
Theo PT
nHCl = 2nH2 = 2 * 0.8 = 1.6 mol
Theo DLBTKL
m hh + m HCl = m muoi + mH2
-> m muối = 15.6 + 1.6*36.5 - 0.8*2 =72.4 g
b) goi nAl = 2x mol; nA= x mol
A + 2HCl -> ACl2 + H2
x 2x mol
2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
2x 6x mol
ta có 2x + 6x = 1.6
-> x = 0.2
MA * 0.2 + 27*2*0.2 =15.6
-> MA = 24
-> A là Mg
+) TH1: R<H
\(n_{H2}=\frac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
2/15____________________0,2
\(\Rightarrow n_R=\frac{n_{Al}}{2}=\frac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=\frac{2}{15}.27=3,6\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_R=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M_R=\frac{0,3}{\frac{1}{15}}=4,5\left(loai\right)\)
+) TH2 : R > H
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}:2a\left(mol\right)\\n_R:a\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
2a_______________________3a
\(2R+2nHCl\rightarrow2RCl_n+nH_2\)
a_____________________n/2a
\(\Rightarrow3a+\frac{1}{2}na=0,2\)
* Nếu \(n=1\Rightarrow a=\frac{2}{35}\)
\(\Rightarrow27.2a+Ra=3,9\)
* Nếu \(n=2\Rightarrow a=0,05\)
\(\Rightarrow27.2a+Ra=3,9\)
\(\Rightarrow R=24\left(Mg\right)\)
* Nếu \(n=3\Rightarrow a=\frac{2}{45}\)
\(\Rightarrow27.2a+Ra=3,9\)
\(\Rightarrow R=33,75\left(loai\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=n_{AlCl3}=2a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=n_{MgCl2}=a=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Muoi}=m_{AlCl3}+m_{MgCl2}=18,1\left(g\right)\)
Gọi số mol của A là \(x\)
Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2 (1)
A + H2SO4 → ASO4 + H2 (2)
Theo đầu bài: \(\dfrac{n_{Zn}}{n_A}=\dfrac{2}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow n_A=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Zn}\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol của Zn là \(x\) (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\) Số mol của A là: \(n_A=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Zn}=\dfrac{3}{2}x\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT1: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT2: \(n_{H_2}=n_A=\dfrac{3}{2}x\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}+n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+\dfrac{3}{2}x=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{2}x=0,5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Vậy \(n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_A=0,2\times\dfrac{3}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2\times65=13\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_A=20,2-13=7,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M_A=\dfrac{7,2}{0,3}=24\left(g\right)\)
Vậy A là kim loại magiê Mg
Giải:
Gọi số mol Zn là x => Số mol A là 1,5x
\(\dfrac{Zn}{x}+\dfrac{H_2SO_4}{x}->\dfrac{ZnSO_4}{x}+\dfrac{H_2}{x}\)
\(\dfrac{A}{1,5x}+\dfrac{H_2SO_4}{1,5x}->\dfrac{ASO_4}{1,5x}+\dfrac{H_2}{1,5x}\)
Ta có:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(x+1,5x=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(x=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Lại có:
\(m_X=65.0,2+A.1,5.0,2=20,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow13+0,3A=20,2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0,3A=7,2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=24\left(đvC\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A:Mg\)
Bạn tự kết luận ạ ^^