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a, \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{14}{56}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.24,79=6,1975\left(l\right)\)
\(a=C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,1}=5\left(M\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{AgNO_3}=0,4.1,3=0,52\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2AgNO_3+FeCl_2\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl_{\downarrow}\)
______0,5______0,25______0,25________0,5 (mol)
\(AgNO_3+Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+Ag_{\downarrow}\)
0,02______0,02________0,02________0,02 (mol)
⇒ m = mAgCl + mAg = 0,5.143,5 + 0,02.108 = 73,91 (g)
- Dd sau pư gồm: Fe(NO3)3: 0,02 (mol) và Fe(NO3)2: 0,25 - 0,02 = 0,23 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,1+0,4}=0,04\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,23}{0,1+0,4}=0,46\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\\ a.V=\dfrac{14}{56}\cdot22,4=5,6\left(L\right)\\ a=\dfrac{\dfrac{14}{56}\cdot2}{0,1}=5\left(M\right)\\ b.n_{AgNO_3}=0,4\cdot1,3=0,52mol\\ FeCl_2+AgNO_3->Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+AgCl\\ Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+AgNO_3->Ag+Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3\\ m=0,25\cdot143,5+0,25\cdot108=62,875\left(g\right)\\ C_{M\left(AgNO_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,5}=0,04M\\ C_{M\left(Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,5}=0,5M\)
- Thấy Cu không phản ứng với HCl .
\(\Rightarrow m_{cr}=m_{Cu}=6,4\left(g\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
.x.......................................1,5x.........
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
.y....................................y.............
Theo bài ra ta có hệ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y+6,4=17,4\\1,5x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) ( mol )
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=5,4\\m_{Fe}=5,6\end{matrix}\right.\) ( g )
b, \(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
.......0,1.........0,2...............................
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
...0,2.......0,6..........................
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,2+0,6=0,8< 1\)
=> Trong B còn có HCl dư .
\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
...0,2..........0,2....................
=> Dư 0,2 mol HCl .
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}+0,2=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddB}=17,4+250-6,4-0,8=260,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{260,2}.100\%\approx2,8\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}\approx4,88\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}\approx10,26\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ....
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,25 ---> 0,5 ---> 0,25 ---> 0,25
\(V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\\ m_{MgCl_2}=0,25.95=23,75\left(g\right)\\ m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{18,25\%}=100\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2}=0,25.2=0,5\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd}=100+6-0,5=105,5\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{23,75}{105,5}=22,51\%\)
\(a) n_{Na_2CO_3} = \dfrac{2,12}{106} = 0,02(mol) ; n_{HCl} = 0,5.0,1 = 0,05(mol)\\ Na_2CO_3 + 2HCl \to 2NaCl + CO_2 + H_2O\\ Vì :2n_{Na_2CO_3} = 0,04 < n_{HCl} = 0,05\ nên\ HCl\ \text{dư}\\ n_{CO_2} = n_{Na_2CO_3} = 0,02(mol)\\ V_{CO_2} = 0,02.22,4 = 0,448(lít)\\ b) n_{HCl\ dư} = n_{HCl\ ban\ đầu} - 2n_{Na_2CO_3} = 0,05 -0,02.2 = 0,01(mol)\\ n_{NaCl} = 2n_{Na_2CO_3} = 0,02.2 = 0,04(mol)\\ C_{M_{HCl}} = \dfrac{0,01}{0,5} = 0,02M\\ C_{M_{NaCl}} = \dfrac{0,04}{0,5} = 0,08M\)
nH2=6,72/22,4=0,3 mol
Mg + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) MgCl + H2
a a mol
Fe + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) FeCl2 +H2
b b mol
ta có 24a + 56b =13,6
và a + b=0,3
=>a=0,1 mol , b=0,2 mol
=>mMg=0,2*24=2,4 g
=>%Mg=2,48100/13,6=17,65%
=>%Fe=100-17,65=82,35%
nMgCl2=nMg=0,1mol=>mMgCl2=0,1*95=9,5 g
nFeCl2=nFe=0,2 mol=>mFeCl2 = 0,2*127=25,4 g
nHCl=nMg+nFe=0,1+0,2=0,3mol
=>CMHCl=0,3/0,4=0,75M
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