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\(M=\frac{\left(a+1\right)^2+2a}{a\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{\left(b+1\right)^2+2b}{b\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{\left(c+1\right)^2+2c}{c\left(c+1\right)}\)
\(M=\frac{a+1}{a}+\frac{b+1}{b}+\frac{c+1}{c}+2\left(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\right)\)
\(M=3+\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\right)\)
\(M\ge3+\frac{9}{a+b+c}+2\left(\frac{9}{a+b+c+3}\right)\ge3+3+3=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
\(sigma\frac{a}{1+b^2}=sigma\left(a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\right)\ge sigma\left(a\right)-sigma\frac{ab}{2}\ge3-\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}>\frac{2018}{2003}\)
\(\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{1}{b+c}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{17}}\sqrt{\left(4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(a^2+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{17}}\left(2a+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{b+c}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4a+4b+4c+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b+c}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c+a}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4a+4b+4c+\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}}\right)\)
Mặt khác:
\(\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}\le\sqrt{3\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)}=\sqrt{6\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4a+4b+4c+\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{6\left(a+b+c\right)}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(\dfrac{31}{8}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{a+b+c}{8}+\dfrac{9}{2\sqrt{6\left(a+b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{9}{2\sqrt{6\left(a+b+c\right)}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(\dfrac{31}{8}.6+3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{81\left(a+b+c\right)}{32.6.\left(a+b+c\right)}}\right)=\dfrac{3\sqrt{17}}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
1/ \(4\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)⋮3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2a-b\right)^2+3b^2⋮3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2a-b\right)^2⋮3\)
\(\Rightarrow2a-b⋮3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2a-b\right)^2⋮9\)
\(\Rightarrow3b^2⋮9\)
\(\Rightarrow b⋮3\)
\(\Rightarrow a⋮3\)