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nSO2 = 7.84 / 22.4 = 0.35 (mol)
Ca(OH)2 + SO2 => CaSO3 + H2O
0.35............0.35
C M Ca(OH)2 = 0.35 / 0.25 = 1.4 (M)
Bài 8:
nH2SO4=0,5(mool)
PTHH: 2 KOH + H2SO4 -> K2SO4 + 2 H2O
nKOH= 2.0,5=1(mol) => mKOH=1.56=56(g)
=> mddKOH= (56.100)/25=224(g)
Bài 7:
mddNaOH= 2.1000.1,15=2300(g)
=> mNaOH=2300.30%=690(g)
=>nNaOH=690/40=17,25(mol)
??? Ủa xút là NaOH mà??
Gọi nFe = a (mol); nAl = b (mol)
=> 56a + 27b = 11 (1)
nH2 = 8,96/22,4 = 0,4 (mol)
PTHH:
Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
a ---> 2a ---> a ---> a
2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b ---> 1,5b ---> b ---> b
=> a + 1,5b = 0,4 (2)
Từ (1)(2) => a = 0,1 (mol); b = 0,15 (mol)
mFe = 0,1 . 56 = 5,6 (g)
mAl = 0,2 . 27 = 5,4 (g)
THAM KHẢO :
Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2 (1)
a) 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2 (2)
Gọi khối lượng Fe là x(g) (0<x<11) => nFe = x/56 (mol)
Thì mAl là 11-x(g) => nAl = (11-x)/27 (mol)
nH2 = 8,96/22,4 = 0,4 (mol)
Theo PT (1) ta có: nH2 = nFe = x/56 (mol)
Theo PT (2) ta có: nH2 = 3/2 nAl = 3/2 . (11-x)/27 = (11-x)/18 (mol)
Theo đề bài, nH2 thu được là 0,4(mol) nên ta có:
x/56 + (11-x)/18 = 0,4
<=> 18x +56(11-x) = 403,2
<=> x = 5,6 (g)
Do đó: mFe = 5,6(g) => nFe = 5,6/56 = 0,1 (mol)
mAl = 11-5,6 = 5,4(g) => nAl = 5,4/27 = 0,2 (mol)
a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,56}{56}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{FeSO_4}=n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{FeSO_4}=0,01.152=1,52\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,01.22,4=0,224\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Fe}=0,01\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,01.98}{19,6\%}=5\left(g\right)\)
c, Ta có: m dd sau pư = 0,56 + 5 - 0,01.2 = 5,54 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{1,52}{5,54}.100\%\approx27,44\%\)
nNaOH = 0,1.0,3 = 0,03 (mol)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2SO_3}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaHSO_3}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 126a + 104b = 2,3
Bảo toàn Na: 2a + b = 0,03
=> a = 0,01 (mol); b = 0,01 (mol)
Bảo toàn S: \(n_{SO_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{19,2}{160}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn Cu: nCu = 0,12 (mol)
=> a = 0,12.64 = 7,68 (g)
Bảo toàn S: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{CuSO_4}+n_{SO_2}=0,12+0,02=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,14.98=13,72\left(g\right)\)
=> \(b=m_{dd.H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{13,72.100}{98}=14\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn H: \(n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
BTKL: \(m_{Cu}+m_{O_2}+m_{H_2SO_4}=m_{CuSO_4}+m_{SO_2}+m_{H_2O}\)
=> mO2 = 19,2 + 0,02.64 + 0,14.18 - 7,68 - 13,72 = 1,6 (g)
=> \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,6}{32}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{O_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
Đặt \(n_{Fe}=x(mol);n_{Al}=y(mol)\Rightarrow 56x+27y=11(1)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4(mol)\\ PTHH:Fe+H_2SO_4\to FeSO_4+H_2\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,4(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{11}.100\%=50,91\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=100\%-50,91\%=49,09\%\)
Bài 32:
a, \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,5.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,1}=1,5\) → Pư tạo 2 muối: CaCO3 và Ca(HCO3)2.
PT: \(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_{3\downarrow}+H_2O\)
\(2CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaCO_3}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}+2n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=x+2y=0,15\\n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CaCO_3}+n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=x+y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\left(mol\right)\\y=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,05.100=5\left(g\right)\)
b, mCO2 = 0,15.44 = 6,6 (g) > mCaCO3 → m dd tăng.
Bài 33:
a, \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,6.0,5=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,3}=1,33\) → Pư tạo muối: CaCO3 và Ca(HCO3)2.
PT: \(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_{3\downarrow}+H_2O\)
\(2CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaCO_3}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}+2n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=x+2y=0,4\\n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CaCO_3}+n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=x+y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\left(mol\right)\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,2.100=20\left(g\right)\)
b, mCO2 = 0,4.44 = 17,6 (g) < mCaCO3 → m dd giảm.
nSO2= 0,35(mol)
PTHH: SO2 + Ca(OH)2 -> CaSO3 + H2O
nCa(OH)2= 0,35(mol)=nSO2
=>CMddCa(OH)2= 0,35/0,25= 1,4(M)