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n SO2 = \(\frac{3,36}{22,4}\)=0,15(mol)
n KOH=1 . 0,2= 0,2(mol)
SO2 + 2KOH -----> K2SO3 + H2O
ban đầu 0,15 0,2 ]
pư 0,1 <-------- 0,2 ------> 0,1 ------> 0,1 } (mol)
sau pư 0,05 0 0,1 0,1 ]
==> có thêm pư
SO2 + K2SO3 + H2O ------> 2KHCO3
ban đầu 0,05 0,1 ]
pư 0,05 ---> 0,05 ----> 0,1 } (mol)
sau pư 0 0,05 0,1 ]
m K2CO3 = 0,05 . 138 = 6,9 (g) (muối trung hòa)
m KHCO3 = 0,1 . 100=10(g) (muối axit)
SO2+2KOH-àK2SO3+H2O
NSO2=3,36/22,4=0,15 mol
nKOH=0,1.1=0,1 mol
Ta có 0,15/1>0,1/2->SO2 dư
Cứ 1 mol SO2 à 2 mol KOHà1 mol K2SO3
0,05 mol ß 0,1 mol à 0,05 mol
nSO2 dư 0,15-0,05=0,1 mol
SO2+K2SO3+H2O---à2 KHSO3
Cứ 1 mol SO2 à 2 mol KHSO3
0,1 mol à 0,2 mol
m muối sau phản ứng là 0,2.120=24(g)
SO2+2KOH---->K2SO3+H2O
NSO2=3,36/22,4=0,15 mol
nKOH=0,1.1=0,1 mol
Ta có 0,15/1>0,1/2->SO2 dư
Cứ 1 mol SO2 ----> 2 mol KOH------>1 mol K2SO3
0,05 mol ---->0,1 mol ----->0,05 mol
nSO2 dư 0,15-0,05=0,1 mol
SO2+K2SO3+H2O--->2 KHSO3
Cứ 1 mol SO2 ----> 2 mol KHSo3
0,1 mol ----> 0,2 mol
M muối sau phản ứng là 0,2.120=24(g)
\(T=\dfrac{n_{OH^-}}{n_{CO_2}}=\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75\)
=> Tạo 2 muối HCO3- và CO32-
\(CO_2+OH^-\rightarrow HCO_3^-\)
\(CO_2+2OH^-\rightarrow CO_3^{2-}+H_2O\)
Ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,2\\x+2y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
Muối gồm các ion : \(Na^+,K^+,HCO_3^-,CO_3^{2-}\)
=> \(m_{muối}=0,15.23+0,2.39+0,05.61+0,15.60=23,3\left(g\right)\)
1.
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2.24}{22.4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0.075\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{0.1}{0.075}=1.33\)
=> Tạo ra 2 muối
\(n_{CaCO_3}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=b\left(mol\right)\)
Khi đó :
\(a+b=0.075\)
\(a+2b=0.1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.05\\b=0.025\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{sp}=0.05\cdot100+0.025\cdot162=9.05\left(g\right)\)
2.
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1.12}{22.4}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0.2\cdot0.2=0.04\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{0.005}{0.04}=1.25\)
=> Tạo ra 2 muối
\(n_{BaCO_3}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Ba\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=b\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có :
\(a+b=0.04\)
\(a+2b=0.05\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.03\\b=0.01\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{BaCO_3}=0.03\cdot197=5.91\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{OH^-}=0,2\cdot0,75+0,2\cdot0,5=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo 2 muối
PT ion: \(CO_2+2OH^-\rightarrow CO_3^{2+}+H_2O\)
a_____2a______a (mol)
\(CO_2+OH^-\rightarrow HCO_3^-\)
b_____b________b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,15\\2a+b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na}=n_{NaOH}=0,2\cdot0,75=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_K=n_{KOH}=0,2\cdot0,5=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=m_{Na}+m_K+m_{CO_3^{2-}}+m_{HCO_3^-}=0,15\cdot23+0,1\cdot39+0,1\cdot60+0,05\cdot61=16,4\left(g\right)\)
- Ta có : \(m_{hh}=m_{Na}+m_{Ba}=7,09=23n_{Na}+137n_{Ba}\left(I\right)\)
\(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
\(Ba+2H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\)
- Theo PTHH : \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=0,075=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}+n_{Ba}\left(II\right)\)
- Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na}=0,07\\n_{Ba}=0,04\end{matrix}\right.\) mol .\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=0,07\\n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,04\end{matrix}\right.\) mol .
\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-}=0,15mol\)
Theo bài ra : \(n_{H^+}=0,2V+2.0,15.V=0,5Vmol\)
PT : \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
Theo PT ion : \(0,5V=0,15\)
\(\Rightarrow V=0,3\left(l\right)\)
- Ta lại có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ba\left(OH\right)2}=0,04\\n_{H2SO4}=0,045\end{matrix}\right.\) mol
\(PTHH:Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2H_2O\)
Theo PTHH : \(m_{\downarrow}=m_{BaSO4}=0,04.M=9,32\left(g\right)\)
Vậy ...
Bài 7:
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=0,2\cdot1=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo 2 muối
PTHH: \(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
a_______2a__________a (mol)
\(CO_2+NaOH\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)
b_______b__________b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,15\\2a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{CO_2}+m_{ddNaOH}=0,15\cdot44+200\cdot1,25=256,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot106}{256,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,1\%\\C\%_{NaHCO_3}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot72}{256,6}\cdot100\%\approx2,8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 8:
PTHH: \(RCO_3+2HNO_3\rightarrow R\left(NO_3\right)_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
Giả sử \(n_{RCO_3}=1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HNO_3}=2\left(mol\right)\\n_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=1\left(mol\right)=n_{CO_2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHNO_3}=\dfrac{2\cdot63}{20\%}=630\left(g\right)\\m_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=R+124\left(g\right)\\m_{CO_2}=44\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{R\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{124+R}{R+60+630-44}=0,26582\)
\(\Leftrightarrow R=65\) (Kẽm) \(\Rightarrow\) CTHH của muối cacbonat là ZnCO3
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{3.36}{22.4}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-}=0.5\cdot0.2+0.5\cdot0.2=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{0.2}{0.15}=1.33\)
=> Tạo ra \(SO_3^{2-},HSO_3^-\)
Đặt :
\(n_{SO_3^{2-}}=a\left(mol\right),n_{HSO_3^{2-}}=b\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có hệ phương trình :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_S=a+b=0.15\left(mol\right)\\n_{OH^-}=2a+b=0.2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.05\\b=0.1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Muối}=m_{Na^+}+m_{K^+}+m_{SO_3^{2-}}+m_{HSO_3^-}\)
\(=0.5\cdot0.2\cdot23+0.5\cdot0.2\cdot39+0.05\cdot80+0.1\cdot81=18.3\left(g\right)\)