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Giải:
Ta có: \(\frac{x-2}{5}=\frac{2x-3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right).4=5.\left(2x-3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4x-8=10x-15\)
\(\Rightarrow4x-10x=8-15\)
\(\Rightarrow-6x=-7\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{7}{6}\)
Vậy \(x=\frac{7}{6}\)
Giải :
Ta có : \(\frac{x-2}{5}=\frac{2x-3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right),4=5,\left(2x-3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4x-8=10x-15\)
\(\Rightarrow4x-10x=8-15\)
\(\Rightarrow-6x=-7\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{7}{6}\)
Vậy \(x\) là \(\frac{7}{6}\)
1/ \(I=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+x+1}dx=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{d\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{x^2+x+1}=ln\left|x^2+x+1\right||^1_0=ln3\)
2/ \(\int\limits^{\dfrac{1}{2}}_0\dfrac{5x}{\left(1-x^2\right)^3}dx=-\dfrac{5}{2}\int\limits^{\dfrac{1}{2}}_0\dfrac{d\left(1-x^2\right)}{\left(1-x^2\right)^3}=\dfrac{5}{4}\dfrac{1}{\left(1-x^2\right)^2}|^{\dfrac{1}{2}}_0=\dfrac{35}{36}\)
3/ \(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{2x}{\left(x+1\right)^3}dx\Rightarrow\) đặt \(x+1=t\Rightarrow x=t-1\Rightarrow dx=dt;\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow t=1\\x=1\Rightarrow t=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(I=\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{2\left(t-1\right)dt}{t^3}=\int\limits^2_1\left(\dfrac{2}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t^3}\right)dt=\left(\dfrac{-2}{t}+\dfrac{1}{t^2}\right)|^2_1=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
4/ \(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{4x-2}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}dx\)
Kĩ thuật chung là tách và sử dụng hệ số bất định như sau:
\(\dfrac{4x-2}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}=\dfrac{ax+b}{x^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{x+2}=\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)x^2+\left(2a+b\right)x+2b+c}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+c=0\\2a+b=4\\2b+c=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=0\\a=-c=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\limits^1_0\left(\dfrac{2x}{x^2+1}-\dfrac{2}{x+2}\right)dx=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{d\left(x^2+1\right)}{x^2+1}-2\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{d\left(x+2\right)}{x+2}=ln\dfrac{8}{9}\)
5/ \(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{x^2dx}{x^6-9}\Rightarrow\) đặt \(x^3=t\Rightarrow3x^2dx=dt\Rightarrow x^2dx=\dfrac{1}{3}dt;\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow t=0\\x=1\Rightarrow t=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(I=\dfrac{1}{3}\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{dt}{t^2-9}=\dfrac{1}{18}\int\limits^1_0\left(\dfrac{1}{t-3}-\dfrac{1}{t+3}\right)dt=\dfrac{1}{18}ln\left|\dfrac{t-3}{t+3}\right||^1_0=-\dfrac{1}{18}ln2\)
6/ Tương tự câu 4, sử dụng hệ số bất định ta tách được:
\(\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{2x-1}{x^2\left(x+1\right)}dx=\int\limits^2_1\left(\dfrac{3x-1}{x^2}-\dfrac{3}{x+1}\right)dx=\int\limits^2_1\left(\dfrac{3}{x}-\dfrac{1}{x^2}-\dfrac{3}{x+1}\right)dx\)
\(=\left(3ln\left|\dfrac{x}{x+1}\right|+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)|^2_1=3ln\dfrac{4}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Câu 2)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} u=\ln ^2x\\ dv=x^2dx\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} du=2\frac{\ln x}{x}dx\\ v=\frac{x^3}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow I=\frac{x^3}{3}\ln ^2x-\frac{2}{3}\int x^2\ln xdx\)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} k=\ln x\\ dt=x^2dx\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} dk=\frac{dx}{x}\\ t=\frac{x^3}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \int x^2\ln xdx=\frac{x^3\ln x}{3}-\int \frac{x^2}{3}dx=\frac{x^3\ln x}{3}-\frac{x^3}{9}+c\)
Do đó \(I=\frac{x^3\ln^2x}{3}-\frac{2}{9}x^3\ln x+\frac{2}{27}x^3+c\)
Câu 3:
\(I=\int\frac{2}{\cos 2x-7}dx=-\int\frac{2}{2\sin^2x+6}dx=-\int\frac{dx}{\sin^2x+3}\)
Đặt \(t=\tan\frac{x}{2}\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} \sin x=\frac{2t}{t^2+1}\\ dx=\frac{2dt}{t^2+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=-\int \frac{2dt}{(t^2+1)\left ( \frac{4t^2}{(t^2+1)^2}+3 \right )}=-\int\frac{2(t^2+1)dt}{3t^4+10t^2+3}=-\int \frac{2d\left ( t-\frac{1}{t} \right )}{3\left ( t-\frac{1}{t} \right )^2+16}=\int\frac{2dk}{3k^2+16}\)
Đặt \(k=\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}\tan v\). Đến đây dễ dàng suy ra \(I=\frac{-1}{2\sqrt{3}}v+c\)
Biến đổi: ʃ\(\int\dfrac{1dx}{cosx\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\left(cosx-sinx\right)}=\int\dfrac{\sqrt{2}dx}{cos^2x\left(1-tanx\right)}=\int\dfrac{\sqrt{2}d\left(tanx\right)}{1-tanx}=-\sqrt{2}\ln trituyetdoi\left(1-tanx\right)\)
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1/
\(\Leftrightarrow12.3^x+3.15^x-5.5^x-20=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3.3^x\left(4+5^x\right)-5\left(5^x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4+5^x\right)\left(3^{x+1}-5\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3^{x+1}=5\Rightarrow x+1=log_53\Rightarrow x=log_5\frac{3}{5}\)
2/ \(\Leftrightarrow2^{2x^2+2x}-2^{x^2+2x+1}+2^{1-x^2}-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2^{2x^2+2x}\left(1-2^{1-x^2}\right)-\left(1-2^{1-x^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-2^{1-x^2}\right)\left(2^{2x^2+2x}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2^{1-x^2}=1\\2^{2x^2+2x}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}1-x^2=0\\2x^2+2x=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\pm1\end{matrix}\right.\)
3/ \(\Leftrightarrow6^x-3^x-\left(2^x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3^x\left(2^x-1\right)-\left(2^x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3^x-1\right)\left(2^x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3^x=1\\2^x=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x=0\)