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a) \(x^3-x^2-4=x^3-2x^2+x^2-2x+2x-4\)
\(=x^2\left(x-2\right)+x\left(x-2\right)+2\left(x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+x+2\right)\)
b) \(x^4-64=\left(x^2-8\right)\left(x^2+8\right)\)
c) \(81x^4+4y^4=\left(9x^2+2y^2\right)^2-36x^2y^2=\left(9x^2-6xy+2y^2\right)\left(9x^2+6xy+2y^2\right)\)
d) \(x^7-x^2-1=\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(x^5+x^4-x^2-x-1\right)\)
Bài làm:
a) \(\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)+1\)
\(=\left[\left(x+1\right)\left(x+4\right)\right]\left[\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\right]+1\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x+4\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)+1\)
Đặt \(x^2+5x+5=t\)\(\Rightarrow\left(t-1\right)\left(t+1\right)+1=t^2-1+1=t^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x+5\right)^2\)
b) Tương tự như a phân tích và đặt ra được: \(t^2-1-24=t^2-25=\left(t-5\right)\left(t+5\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x\right)\left(x^2+5x+10\right)=x\left(x+5\right)\left(x^2+5x+10\right)\)
c) \(\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+5\right)\left(x+7\right)+15\)
\(=\left[\left(x+1\right)\left(x+7\right)\right]\left[\left(x+3\right)\left(x+5\right)\right]+15\)
\(=\left(x^2+8x+7\right)\left(x^2+8x+15\right)+15\)
Đặt \(x^2+8x+11=t\)\(\Rightarrow\left(t-4\right)\left(t+4\right)+15=t^2-16+15=t^2-1\)
\(=\left(t-1\right)\left(t+1\right)=\left(x^2+8x+10\right)\left(x^2+8x+12\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+8x+10\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+6\right)\)
d) \(\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)-24\)
\(=\left[\left(x+2\right)\left(x+5\right)\right]\left[\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\right]-24\)
\(=\left(x^2+7x+10\right)\left(x^2+7x+12\right)-24\)
Đặt \(x^2+7x+11=t\)\(\Rightarrow\left(t-1\right)\left(t+1\right)-24=t^2-1-24=t^2-25\)
\(=\left(t-5\right)\left(t+5\right)=\left(x^2+7x+6\right)\left(x^2+7x+16\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+6\right)\left(x^2+7x+16\right)\)
Làm mẫu cho 1 vd:
a, (x+1)(x+2)(x+3)(x+4)+1
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)+1\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x+4\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)+1\)(1)
Đặt \(y=x^2+5x+5\)
Khi đó ::
(1) = \(\left(y-1\right)\left(y+1\right)+1\)
\(=y^2-1+1=y^2\)
Thay vào ta được: \(\left(x^2+5x+5\right)^2\)
a) \(x^4-y^4=\left(x^2\right)^2-\left(y^2\right)^2=\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
c) \(36-12x+x^2=x^2-12x+36=x^2-6x-6x+36\)
\(=x\left(x-6\right)-6\left(x-6\right)=\left(x-6\right)\left(x-6\right)=\left(x-6\right)^2\)
\(x^4-y^4\)
\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(4x^2+12x+9\)
\(=\left(2x\right)^2+2.2x.3+9\)
\(=\left(2x+3\right)^2\)
\(36-12x+x^2\)
\(=6^2-2.6.x+x^2\)
\(=\left(6-x\right)^2\)
\(4x^4-21x^2y^2+y^4\)
\(=\left(4x^4+4x^2y^2+y^4\right)-25x^2y^2\)
\(=\left(2x^2+y^2\right)^2-\left(5xy\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x^2+y^2-5xy\right)\left(2x^2+y^2+5xy\right)\)
\(a,4x^4-21x^2y^2+y^4=\left(2x^2\right)^2+4x^2y^2+y^4-4x^2y^2-21x^2y^2\)
\(=\left(2x^2+y^2\right)^2-25x^2y^2\)
\(=\left(2x^2+y^2-5xy\right)\left(2x^2+y^2+5xy\right)\)
\(b,x^5-5x^3+4x=x\left(x^4-5x^2+4\right)\)
\(=x\left(x^4-4x^2-x^2+4\right)\)
\(=x\left[x^2\left(x^2-4\right)-\left(x^2-4\right)\right]\)
\(=x\left(x^2-4\right)\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(=x\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
\(c,x^3+5x^2+3x-9=x^3-x^2+6x^2-6x+9x-9\)
\(=x^2\left(x-1\right)+6x\left(x-1\right)+9\left(x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+6x+9\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+3x+3x+9\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left[x\left(x+3\right)+3\left(x+3\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)^2\)
\(d,x^{16}+x^8-2=x^{16}+2x^8-x^8-2\)
\(=x^8\left(x^8-1\right)+2\left(x^8-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^8-1\right)\left(x^8+2\right)\)
a) \(x^3\left(x^2-7\right)^2-36x=x\left[\left(x^3-7x\right)^2-6^2\right]\)
\(=x\left(x^3-7x-6\right)\left(x^3-7x+6\right)\)
\(x\left[\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\right].\left[\left(x+3\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right).x.\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
b) Không pt được.
c) Không pt được.