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a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{12,15}{27}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,45}{4}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\)=> Al dư, O2 hết
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,4<--0,3-------->0,2
=> \(m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,45-0,4\right).27=1,35\left(g\right)\)
b) \(m_{Al_2O_3}=0,2.102=20,4\left(g\right)\)
Bài 1:
\(a,2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\)
b, \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{32}=0,035mol\)
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{64}=0,1mol\)
\(\dfrac{0,1}{2}>\dfrac{0,035}{1}\) => Cu dư, O2 đủ
\(n_{Cu}\left(dư\right)=0,1-0,07=0,039\left(mol\right)\)
c, \(m_{CuO}=0,07.80=5,6g\)
Bài 2:
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{13,5}{27}=0,5mol\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,67}{32}=0,21\left(mol\right)\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
\(\dfrac{0,5}{4}>\dfrac{0,21}{3}\) => Al dư, O2 đủ
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,21=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Al_2O_3}=0,14.102=14,28g\)
\(n_P=\dfrac{3,1}{31}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,2}{32}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,1}{4}>\dfrac{0,1}{5}\)
=> P dư
\(n_{P\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=\dfrac{4}{5}n_{O_2}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\
m_{P\left(d\right)}=\left(0,1-0,08\right).31=0,62\left(g\right)\)
\(n_P=\dfrac{3,1}{31}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,2}{32}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(4P+5O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2P_2O_5\)
bđ 0,1 0,1
pư 0,08 0,1
spư 0,02 0
=> P dư
\(m_{P\left(dư\right)}=0,02.31=0,62\left(g\right)\)
a)
\(n_{Al} = \dfrac{12,15}{27} = 0,45(mol)\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(mol)\\ 4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3\\ \dfrac{n_{Al}}{4} = 0,1125 < \dfrac{n_{O_2}}{3} = 0,1\)
Do đó, Al dư.
\(n_{Al\ pư} = \dfrac{4}{3}n_{O_2} = 0,4(mol)\\ m_{Al\ dư} = (0,45-0,4).27 =1,35(gam)\)
b) Nhôm oxit được tạo thành.
\(n_{Al_2O_3} = \dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2} = 0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al_2O_3} = 0,2.102 = 20,4(gam)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
a, \(PTHH:4Al+3O_2\rightarrow2Al_2O_3\)
=> Sau phản ứng O2 hết, Al dư ( dư 0,05 mol )
=> \(m_{Aldu}=n.M=1,35\left(g\right)\)
b, Chất được tạo thành là Al2O3 .
Theo PTHH : \(n_{Al_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al_2O_3}=n.M=20,4\left(g\right)\)
Vậy ...
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{12,8}{32}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:4Al+3O_2-^{t^o}>2Al_2O_3\)
tỉ lệ: 4 : 3 : 2
n(mol) 0,2 0,4
m(mol p/u) 0,2-->0,15---->0,1
\(\dfrac{n_{Al}}{4}< \dfrac{n_{O_2}}{3}\left(\dfrac{0,2}{4}< \dfrac{0,4}{3}\right)\)
`=>` `Al` hết , `O_2` dư
`=>` tính theo `Al`
\(n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,15=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=n\cdot M=0,25\cdot32=8\left(g\right)\\ m_{Al_2O_3}=n\cdot M=0,1\cdot\left(27\cdot2+16\cdot3\right)=10,2\left(g\right)\)
a) 2CO + O2 --to--> 2CO2
b) \(n_{CO}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ \(\dfrac{0,6}{2}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\) => CO dư, O2 hết
PTHH: 2CO + O2 --to--> 2CO2
0,4<---0,2
=> mCO(dư) = (0,6-0,4).28 = 5,6 (g)
\(a)\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(mol)\\ 4P + 5O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2P_2O_5\\ \dfrac{n_P}{4} = 0,05 < \dfrac{n_{O_2}}{5} = 0,06\)
Do đó, Oxi dư.
\(n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{5}{4}n_P = 0,25(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,3 - 0,25).32 = 1,6(gam)\\ b)\\ n_{P_2O_5} = \dfrac{n_P}{2} = 0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5} = 0,1.142 = 14,2(gam)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{13,5}{27}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBTKL:
\(m_{t\text{ăn}g}=m_{O_2\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=3,2\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=\dfrac{3,2}{32}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{Al\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=\dfrac{4}{3}.n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4}{3}.0,1=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(mol\right)< 0,5=n_{Al\left(b\text{đ}\right)}\)
`=>` Al dư, O2 hết
\(n_{Al\left(d\text{ư}\right)}=0,5-\dfrac{2}{15}=\dfrac{11}{30}\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}.n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,1=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\)
Vậy chất rắn sau phản ứng có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al:m_{Al}=\dfrac{11}{30}.27=9,9\left(g\right)\\Al_2O_3:m_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{15}.102=6,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)