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- Tác dụng với H2O: K, CO2, P2O5, SO3, SO2, CaO, N2O5
=> 7 chất
- Tác dụng với H2SO4: K, Al, CuO, Al(OH)3, Ba(OH)2, Na2CO3, AgNO3, Fe2O3, Ba(NO3)2, CaO, CaCO3, Al2O3, ZnO
=> 13 chất
- Tác dụng với NaOH: Al, Al(OH)3, CO2, P2O5, SO3, AgNO3, SO2, N2O5, Al2O3, ZnO
=> 10 chất
- Tác dụng với CuSO4: Al, Ba(OH)2, Na2CO3, AgNO3, Ba(NO3)2
=> 5 chất
- Axit:
\(H_2SO_3\) - Axit sunfurơ
\(H_2SO_4\) - Axit sunfuric
\(H_3BO_3\) - Axit boric
\(HNO_3\) - Axit nitric
\(HClO\) - Axit hipoclorơ
\(H_4TiO_4\) - Axit titanic
- Bazơ:
\(Fe\left(OH\right)_2\) - Sắt(II) hiđroxit
\(NaOH\) - Natri hiđroxit
\(KOH\) - Kali hiđroxit
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\) - Đồng(II) hiđroxit
\(LiOH\) - Liti hiđroxit
- Muối:
\(NaCl\) - Natri clorua
\(KCl\) - Kali clorua
\(NaI\) - Natri iotua
\(LiNO_3\) - Liti nitrat
\(CaCO_3\) - Canxi cacbonat
\(NH_4NO_3\) - Amoni nitrat
1.
\(2KClO_3\rightarrow2KCl+3O_2\)
\(4K+O_2\rightarrow2K_2O\)
\(K_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2KOH\)
\(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2OSO_4+2H_2O\)
\(K_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow2KCl+BaSO_4\)
\(2KCl+2H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+Cl_2+H_2\)
2.
\(Cu+H_2SO_{4_{dac}}\rightarrow CuSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O\)
\(CuSO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow CuCl_2+BaSO_4\)
\(CuCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\)
\(Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2+2NaOH\rightarrow NaNO_3+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CuO+H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow Cu+H_2O\)
3.
\(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow2Al_2O_3\)
\(Al_2O_2+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Al_2O_3+H_2O\)
\(2Al_2O_3\rightarrow4Al+3O_2\)
\(2Al+2NaOH+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+3H_2\)
4.
\(C+O_2\rightarrow CO_2\)
\(CO_2+C\rightarrow2CO\)
\(2CO+O_2\rightarrow2CO_2\)
\(CO_2+NaOH\rightarrow NaHCO_2\)
\(NaHCO_3+NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
\(Na_2CO_3+CaCl_2\rightarrow2NaCl+CaCO_3\)
\(CaCO_3\rightarrow CaO+CO_2\)
5.
\(Cl_2+H_2\rightarrow2HCl\)
\(4HCl+MnO_2\rightarrow MnCl_2+Cl_2+2H_2O\)
\(Cl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+NaClO+H_2O\)
\(2NaC+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+Cl_2+H_2\)
\(Cl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+NaClO+H_2O\)
Viết PTHH biễu diễn chỗi biến hóa:
1) 2KClO3 -->2KCl+3O2
O2+4K-->2K2O
K2O+H2O-->2KOH
2KOH+H2SO4-->K2SO4+2H2O
K2SO4+BaCl2-->2KCl+BaSO4
2KCl-->Cl2+2K
2) Cu+FeSO4-->CuSO4+Fe
CuSO4+BaCl2-->CuCl2+BaSO4
CuCl2+2AgNO3-->Cu(NO3)2+2AgCl
Cu(NO3)+2NaOH-->Cu(OH)2+2NaNO3
Cu(OH)2-->CuO+H2O
2CuO-->2Cu+O2
3)4Al+3O2-->2Al2O3
Al2O3+6HCl-->2AlCl3+3H2O
2AlCl3+6NaOH-->2Al(OH)3+6NaCl
2Al(OH)3-->Al2O3+3H2O
2Al2O3-->4Al+3O2
2Al+2H2O+2NaOH-->2NaAlO2+3H2
4)C+O2-->CO2
CO2+C-->2CO
2CO+O2---->2CO2-
CO2+NaOH----->NaHCO3
2NaHCO3-->Na2CO3+H2O+CO2
Na2CO3+CaCl2-->CaCO3+2NaCl
CaCO3-->CO2+CaO
5)Cl2+H2-->2HCL
2HCl-->Cl2+H2
Cl2+2Na-->2NaCl
2NaCl-->Cl2+2Na
Cl2+2NaOH-->NaClO+NaCl+H2O
Fe2O3+6HCl--->2FeCl3+3H2O
FeCl3+3HNO3---->Fe(NO3)3+3HCl
Fe(NO3)3+ 3NaOH--->Fe(OH)3+3NaNO3
2Fe(OH)3+ 3H2SO4---->Fe2(SO4)3+6H2O
Fe2(SO4)3+3 BaCl2----->2FeCl3+3BaSO4
\(1.\text{Fe2O3 + 6HCl → 3H2O + 2FeCl3}\)
\(2.\text{3AgNO3 + FeCl3 → 3AgCl + Fe(NO3)3}\)
\(3.\text{ 3Ba(OH)2 + 2Fe(NO3)3 → 3Ba(NO3)2 + 2Fe(OH)3 (kt) }\)
\(4.\text{3H2SO4 + 2Fe(OH)3 → Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O}\)
\(5.\text{3BaCl2 + Fe2(SO4)3 → 2FeCl3 + 3BaSO4}\)
Các phương trình hóa học:
HCl + NaOH => NaCl + H2O
2HCl + K2CO3 => 2KCl + CO2 + H2O
Na2SO3 + 2HCl => 2NaCl + SO2 + H2O
H2SO4 + 2NaOH => Na2SO4 + 2H2O
H2SO4 + BaCl2 => BaSO4 + 2HCl
H2SO4 + CaCl2 => CaSO4 + 2HCl
H2SO4 + K2CO3 => K2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
H2SO4 + Na2SO3 => Na2SO4 + SO2 + H2O
HNO3 + NaOH => NaNO3 + H2O
2HNO3 + K2CO3 => KNO3 + CO2 + H2O
2HNO3 + Na2SO3 => NaNO3 + SO2 + H2O
a) 4Al+3O2--->2Al2O3
Al2O3+6HCl--->2AlCl3+3H2O
2AlCl3+ 3H2SO4--->Al2(SO4)3+6HCl
Al2(SO4)3+6NaOH----> 2Al(OH)3+3Na2SO4
b) FeCl2+2 NaOH--->Fe(OH)2+2NaCl
Fe(OH)2---->FeO+H2O
FeO+H2-->Fe+H2O
Fe+Cl2---->FeCl2
2FeCl2+Cl2--->2FeCl3
FeCl3+3NaOH--->Fe(OH)3+3NaOH
2Fe(OH)3---->Fe2O3+3H2O
Fe2(SO4)3+3HNO3---->Fe(NO3)3+3H2SO4
Trả lời :
\(NSF_3\) – Thiazyl triflorua
\(ClO\) – Clo monoxit
\(C_2N_2\) – Xyano
\(CO\) – Cacbon monoxit
\(NO\) – Nitric oxit
\(N_2O\) – Nitrơ oxit (khí bóng cười)
\(C_6H_6\) – Benzen
\(C_6H_5CN\) – Benzonitril
\(BeCl_2\) – Beri clorua