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Bài 1:
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk; c=dk\)
Khi đó: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\frac{2bk+5b}{3bk-4b}=\frac{b(2k+5)}{b(3k-4)}=\frac{2k+5}{3k-4}\\ \frac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}=\frac{2dk+5d}{3dk-4d}=\frac{d(2k+5)}{d(3k-4)}=\frac{2k+5}{3k-4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\frac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Bài 2:
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk; c=dk\)
Khi đó: \(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{bk.b}{dk.d}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)
\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{(bk)^2+b^2}{(dk)^2+d^2}=\frac{b^2(k^2+1)}{d^2(k^2+1)}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)
Do đó: \(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}(=\frac{b^2}{d^2})\) . Ta có đpcm.
Ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta được :
\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\) \(\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự :
\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\) \(\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\) suy ra : \(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}\) khi \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
Đặt: a/b = c/d = k => a = bk, c = dk
Ta có:
a + b/a - b = bk + b/bk - b = b(k+1)/ b(k-1) = k+1/k-1 (1)
c + d/c- d = dk +d/ dk - d = d(k+1)/d(k-1) = k+1/k-1 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => a+b/a-b = c+d/c-d
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=>ad=bc=>ab+ad=ab+bc\)
\(a\left(b+d\right)=b\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\)
1
a) Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ad}{bd}< \dfrac{bc}{bd}\)
\(\Rightarrow ad< bc\)
2
b) Ta có : \(\dfrac{-1}{3}=\dfrac{-16}{48};\dfrac{-1}{4}=\dfrac{-12}{48}\)
Ta có dãy sau : \(\dfrac{-16}{48};\dfrac{-15}{48};\dfrac{-14}{48};\dfrac{-13}{48};\dfrac{-12}{48}\)
Vậy 3 số hữu tỉ xen giữa \(\dfrac{-1}{3}\) và \(\dfrac{-1}{4}\) là :\(\dfrac{-15}{48};\dfrac{-14}{48};\dfrac{-13}{48}\)
1a ) Ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) < \(\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\dfrac{ad}{bd}\) < \(\dfrac{bc}{bd}\) \(\Rightarrow\) ad < bc
1b ) Như trên
2b) \(\dfrac{-1}{3}\) = \(\dfrac{-16}{48}\) ; \(\dfrac{-1}{4}\) = \(\dfrac{-12}{48}\)
\(\dfrac{-16}{48}\) < \(\dfrac{-15}{48}\) <\(\dfrac{-14}{48}\) < \(\dfrac{-13}{48}\) < \(\dfrac{-12}{48}\)
Vậy 3 số hữu tỉ xen giữa là.................
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a.b.c}{b.c.d}=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}=\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\) ta có:
\(\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{d}\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a.b.c}{b.c.d}=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\) =>\(\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{b}{c}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{c}{d}\right)^3\)
=>\(\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\) =>\(\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{d}\)(đpcm)
Chúc Bạn học Tốt
Cách 1: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow ad=bc\)
Xét tích (a-b).c=ac-bc=ac-ad=a.(c-d)
Vay (a-b).c =a.(c-d)
=>\(\dfrac{a-b}{a}=\dfrac{c-d}{c}\)
Cách 2:
Ta đặt: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=kb;c=kd\)
Thế thì \(\dfrac{a-b}{a}=\dfrac{kb-b}{kb}=\dfrac{b.\left(k-1\right)}{kb}=\dfrac{k-1}{k}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{c-d}{c}=\dfrac{kd-d}{kd}=\dfrac{d.\left(k-1\right)}{kd}=\dfrac{k-1}{k}\) (2)
Từ (1),(2) => \(\dfrac{a-b}{a}=\dfrac{c-d}{c}\)
Cách 3:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\)
Vay \(\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}=\dfrac{a}{c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{a}=\dfrac{c-d}{c}\)
Cách 4:
Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)nen \(\dfrac{b}{a}=\dfrac{d}{c}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a-b}{a}=\dfrac{a}{a}-\dfrac{b}{a}=1-\dfrac{b}{a}=1-\dfrac{d}{c}=\dfrac{c-d}{c}\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{a-b}{a}=\dfrac{c-d}{c}\)
ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow1+\dfrac{a}{b}=1+\dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)
=>\(a=b\cdot k\) ;\(c=d\cdot k\)
=>\(\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{b\cdot k+b}{b}=\dfrac{b\cdot\left(k+1\right)}{b}=k+1\) (1)
=>\(\dfrac{c+d}{d}=\dfrac{d\cdot k+d}{d}=\dfrac{d\cdot\left(k+1\right)}{d}=k+1\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\)
Ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow ad< bc\)(1)
Thêm ab vào 2 vế của (1) : \(ad+ab< bc+ab\)
\(a\left(d+b\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\text{ }\left(2\right)\)
Thêm cd vào 2 vế của (1) : \(ad+cd< bc+cd\)
\(d\left(a+c\right)< c\left(b+d\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\text{ }\left(3\right)\)
Từ (2) và (3) ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)\(\left(đpcm\right)\)
Bài giải:
Với \(a,b,c,d\ne0\) ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}+1=\dfrac{c}{d}+1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{b}{d}\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{b}=\dfrac{c-d}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}=\dfrac{b}{d}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}=\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
Đặt:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=t\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bt\\c=dt\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó:
\(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{bt+b}{bt-b}=\dfrac{b\left(t+1\right)}{b\left(t-1\right)}=\dfrac{t+1}{t-1}\)
\(\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}=\dfrac{dt+d}{dt-d}=\dfrac{d\left(t+1\right)}{d\left(t-1\right)}=\dfrac{t+1}{t-1}\)
Ta có đpcm