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Lời giải:
Ta xét hiệu sau:
\(x^3+y^3-xy(x+y)=x^3-x^2y-(xy^2-y^3)\)
\(=x^2(x-y)-y^2(x-y)=(x^2-y^2)(x-y)=(x-y)^2(x+y)\geq 0, \forall x,y>0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3\geq xy(x+y)(*)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+xy\geq xy(x+y+1)\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{xy}{x^3+y^3+xy}\leq \frac{xy}{xy(x+y+1)}=\frac{1}{x+y+1}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế, suy ra:
\(\text{VT}\leq \underbrace{\frac{1}{x+y+1}+\frac{1}{y+z+1}+\frac{1}{x+z+1}}_{M}(1)\)
Vì $xyz=1$ nên tồn tại $a,b,c>0$ sao cho \((x,y,z)=(\frac{a^2}{bc}, \frac{b^2}{ac}, \frac{c^2}{ab})\)
Khi đó:
\(M=\frac{abc}{a^3+b^3+abc}+\frac{abc}{b^3+c^3+abc}+\frac{abc}{c^3+a^3+abc}\)
\(\leq \frac{abc}{ab(a+b)+abc}+\frac{abc}{bc(b+c)+abc}+\frac{abc}{ca(c+a)+abc}\) (áp dụng công thức $(*)$)
hay \(M\leq \frac{c}{a+b+c}+\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b+c}=\frac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=1(2)\)
Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq 1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$ hay $x=y=z=1$
Bài của chị Akai đoạn đầu hơi phức tạp(em nghĩ thế).
Ta có:
\(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) với \(\forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2-xy\ge0\) với \(\forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)với\(\forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\) với \(\forall x,y\)
Rồi giải tiếp như chị ấy.
Ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{x^2+yz}+\dfrac{1}{y^2+xz}+\dfrac{1}{z^2+xy}\le\dfrac{1}{2x\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{2y\sqrt{xz}}+\dfrac{1}{2z\sqrt{xy}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}}{2xyz}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{x+y}{2}+\dfrac{y+z}{2}+\dfrac{x+z}{2}}{2xyz}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2xyz}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
Với a; b dương, nếu \(a\ge b\) thì \(\dfrac{1}{a}\le\dfrac{1}{b}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho mẫu số vế trái ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{x^2+yz}+\dfrac{1}{y^2+xz}+\dfrac{1}{z^2+xy}\le\dfrac{1}{2x\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{2y\sqrt{xz}}+\dfrac{1}{2z\sqrt{xy}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{\sqrt{yz}}{2xyz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{xz}}{2xyz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{2xyz}=\dfrac{\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}}{2xyz}\)
Tiếp tục dùng Cô-si cho tử số:
\(VT\le\dfrac{\dfrac{y+z}{2}+\dfrac{x+z}{2}+\dfrac{x+y}{2}}{2xyz}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2xyz}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z
from giả thiết => x+y+z=xyz
biến đổi như sau:\(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{yz\left(1+x^2\right)}}=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{yz+x^2yz}}=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{yz+x\left(x+y+z\right)}}=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\)
=\(\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}\right)\)
Lời giải:
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=1\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+xz=xyz\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+xy+yz+xz=x^2+xyz=x(x+yz)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+yz=\frac{x^2+xy+yz+xz}{x}=\frac{(x+y)(x+z)}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{x+yz}=\sqrt{\frac{(x+y)(x+z)}{x}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:\((x+y)(x+z)\geq (x+\sqrt{yz})^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{x+yz}=\sqrt{\frac{(x+y)(x+z)}{x}}\geq \frac{x+\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{x}}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\sqrt{y+xz}\geq \frac{y+\sqrt{xz}}{\sqrt{y}}\); \(\sqrt{z+xy}\geq \frac{z+\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{z}}\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT đã thu được ta có:
\(\text{VT}\geq \frac{x+\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{y+\sqrt{xz}}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{z+\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{z}}=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\frac{xy+yz+xz}{\sqrt{xyz}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\geq \sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\frac{xyz}{\sqrt{xyz}}=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{xyz}=\text{VP}\)
Do đó ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=3\)
2) \(\sum\dfrac{x}{x^2-yz+2013}=\sum\dfrac{x^2}{x^3-xyz+2013x}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+2013\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{xy}{1+x+y}+\dfrac{yz}{1+y+z}+\dfrac{xz}{1+z+x}\)
\(P+3=\dfrac{xy}{1+x+y}+1+\dfrac{yz}{1+y+z}+1+\dfrac{xz}{1+z+x}+1\)
\(P+3=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}{1+x+y}+\dfrac{\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}{1+y+z}+\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}{1+z+x}\)
\(P+3=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}{\left(1+x+y\right)\left(z+1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(1+y+z\right)}+\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}{\left(y+1\right)\left(1+z+x\right)}\)
\(P+3=\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{\left(1+x+y\right)\left(z+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(1+y+z\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(y+1\right)\left(1+z+x\right)}\right]\)
\(\ge\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\cdot\dfrac{9}{\left(1+x+y\right)\left(z+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)\left(1+y+z\right)+\left(y+1\right)\left(1+z+x\right)}\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\cdot\dfrac{9}{\text{ }2xy+2yz+2xz+3x+3y+3z+3}\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\cdot\dfrac{9}{\text{ }2xy+2yz+2xz+3\cdot2xyz}\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\cdot\dfrac{9}{\text{ }2\left(xy+yz+xz+3xyz\right)}\)
Lại có:
\(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)=xyz+xy+yz+xz+x+y+z+1\)
\(=xyz+xy+yz+xz+2xyz=xy+yz+xz+3xyz\)
\(\Rightarrow P+3\ge\left(xy+yz+xz+3xyz\right)\cdot\dfrac{9}{2\left(xy+yz+xz+3xyz\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P+3\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{9}{2}-3=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{3}}{2}\)