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Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy–Schwarz dạng Engel ta có :
\(\frac{1}{x^2+xy}+\frac{1}{y^2+xy}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{x^2+xy+y^2+xy}=\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
Cần chỉ ra \(\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\ge4\)
Ta có : \(x+y\le1\)
=> \(\left(x+y\right)^2\le1\)
=> \(\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\ge1\)( nghịch đảo )
=> \(\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\ge4\)( nhân 4 vào cả hai vế )
=> đpcm
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x = y = 1/2
Ta có:
\(\sqrt{x^2+\frac{1}{y^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\frac{1}{z^2}}+\sqrt{z^2+\frac{1}{x^2}}\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 2 số dương, ta có:
\(18x+\frac{2}{x}\ge2\sqrt{18x.\frac{2}{x}}=12\)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta có
\(18y+\frac{2}{y}\ge12\)
\(18z+\frac{2}{z}\ge12\)
Từ đó suy ra \(18\left(x+y+z\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge36\)(*)
Lại có \(x+y+z\le1\Rightarrow-\left(x+y+z\right)\ge-1\)(**)
Từ (*) và (**) suy ra \(18\left(x+y+z\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)-\left(x+y+z\right)\ge36-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow17\left(x+y+z\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge35\)
Vậy \(17\left(x+y+z\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge35\)với \(x+y+z\le1\)
Bài 2:
a) Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{4b}\) \(\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4^2ab}}=\dfrac{2}{4\sqrt{ab}}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b}\) (Đpcm)
b) Trừ 1 vào từng vế của BĐT ta được BĐT tương đương:
\(\left(\frac{x}{2x+y+z}-1\right)+\left(\frac{y}{x+2y+z}-1\right)+\left(\frac{z}{x+y+2z}-1\right)\le\frac{-9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\le-\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\ge\frac{9}{4}\)
Áp dụng BĐT phụ \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\) ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{9}{2x+y+z+x+2y+z+x+y+2z}=\dfrac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\ge\frac{9}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{z}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\) (Đpcm)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a-1+b-1}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b-2}\)
Nên cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b-2}\ge8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge8\left(a+b-2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge8a+8b-16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b-4\right)^2\ge0\) luôn đúng
1)a+3>b+3
=>a>b
=>-2a<-2b
=>-2a+1<-2b+1
2)x>0;y<0 =>x2.y<0;x.y2>0
=>x2.y<0;-x.y2<0
=>x2y-xy2<0
1.ta có a+3>b+3
suy ra -2a-6>-2b-6
=> (-2a-6)+5>(-2b-6)+5
=>-2a+1>-2b+1
2.vì x>0=> x^2>0 và y<0=>y^2>0
=> x^2*y<0 và x*y^2>0
=> x*y^2>x^2*y
=>x^2*y-x*y^2<0
a) ta có : \(\left(1-2x\right)\left(x-1\right)-5=x-1-2x^2+2x-5\)
\(=-2x^2+3x-6=-\left(2x^2-3x+6\right)=-\left(\left(\sqrt{2}x\right)^2-2.\sqrt{2}.\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}x+\left(\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)^2+\dfrac{39}{8}\right)\)
\(=-\left(\left(\sqrt{2}x-\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)^2+\dfrac{39}{8}\right)=-\left(\sqrt{2}x-\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)^2-\dfrac{39}{8}\)
ta có : \(\left(\sqrt{2}x-\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi \(x\) \(\Rightarrow-\left(\sqrt{2}x-\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)^2\le0\) với mọi \(x\)
\(-\left(\sqrt{2}x-\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)^2-\dfrac{39}{8}\le\dfrac{-39}{8}< 0\) với mọi \(x\)
vậy \(\left(1-2x\right)\left(x-1\right)-5< 0\) (đpcm)
b) ta có : \(-x^2-y^2+2x+2y-3\)
\(=\left(-x^2+2x-1\right)+\left(-y^2+2y-1\right)-1\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-\left(y^2-2y+1\right)-1=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(y-1\right)^2-1\)
ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2\ge\forall x\\\left(y-1\right)^2\ge\forall y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\left(x-1\right)^2\le0\forall x\\-\left(y-1\right)^2\le0\forall y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(y-1\right)^2\le0\) với mọi \(x;y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(y-1\right)^2-1\le-1< 0\) với mọi \(x;y\)
vậy \(-x^2-y^2+2x+2y-3< 0\) (đpcm)
\(a,A=\left(1-2x\right)\left(x-1\right)-5\)
\(=x-1-2x^2+2x-5\)
\(=-2x^2+3x-6\)
\(=-\left(2x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{8}\right)-\dfrac{39}{8}\)
\(=-\left[\left(\sqrt{2}x\right)^2-2.\sqrt{2}x.\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}+\left(\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)^2\right]-\dfrac{39}{8}\)
\(=-\left(\sqrt{2}x-\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)^2-\dfrac{39}{8}\)
Ta có :
\(-\left(\sqrt{2}x-\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)^2\le0\) \(\Rightarrow-\left(\sqrt{2}x-\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)^2-\dfrac{39}{8}\le-\dfrac{39}{8}\)
Hay A \(\le-\dfrac{39}{8}\)
Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{2}x-\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}x-\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}x=\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}:\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Vậy \(Min_A=-\dfrac{39}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\)