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\(Q=\frac{x^3}{4\left(y+2\right)}+\frac{y^3}{4\left(x+2\right)}=\frac{x^3\left(x+2\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}+\frac{y^3\left(y+2\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^4+y^4+2x^3+2y^3}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}=\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{4\left(xy+2x+2y+4\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{4\left(2x+2y+8\right)}=\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có :
\(x^4+y^4\ge2\sqrt{x^4y^4}=2x^2y^2\)
\(x^2+y^2\ge2\sqrt{x^2y^2}=2xy\)
\(Q=\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}\ge\frac{2x^2y^2+2xy\left(x+y\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}=\frac{2xy\left(xy+x+y\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}=\frac{8\left(x+y+4\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x,y>0\\x=y\\xy=4\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x=y=2\)
Vậy GTNN của Q là 1 <=> x = y = 2
Or
\(Q-1=\frac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2-8\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}\ge0\)*đúng do \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy=8\)*
Do đó \(Q\ge1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = 2
\(VT=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}{2\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Dâu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
\(Q=\dfrac{xyz}{z^3\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{xyz}{x^3\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{xyz}{y^3\left(x+z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{z^3\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{1}{y^3\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{1}{x^3\left(y+z\right)}\) (vì xyz = 1)
\(=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}{z\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2}{y\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2}{x\left(y+z\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy schwarz với x,y,z > 0 ta có:
\(Q\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}=\dfrac{\left(xy+yz+xz\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}=\dfrac{xy+yz+xz}{2}\)Mặt khác theo BĐT cauchy với x;y;z>0 thì
\(xy+yz+xz\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}=3\)
Vậy MinQ = \(\dfrac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Ta có 1+x2 = xy + yz + xz +x2 = ( x+ z)(x+y)
TT : 1+y2 = (y+z)(y+x)
1+z2 = (z+x)(z+y)
⇒ P = 2
Vậy P =2
Đặt Q = \(\frac{x^3}{4\left(y+2\right)}+\frac{y^3}{4\left(x+2\right)}\) = \(\frac{x^3\left(x+2\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}+\frac{y^3\left(y+2\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}\)
Q = \(\frac{x^4+y^4+2x^3+2y^3}{4\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)}\) = \(\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{4\left(xy+2x+2y+4\right)}\)
Q = \(\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{4\left(2x+2y+8\right)}\) = \(\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có:
\(x^4+y^4\ge2\sqrt{x^4y^4}=2x^2y^2\)
\(x^2+y^2\ge2\sqrt{x^2y^2=}2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)Q = \(\frac{x^4+y^4+2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}\ge\frac{2x^2y^2+2xy\left(x+y\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}=\frac{2xy\left(xy+x+y\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)Q = \(\frac{8\left(x+y+4\right)}{8\left(x+y+4\right)}\)= \(1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra : \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x,y>0\\x=y\Rightarrow\\xy=4\end{cases}x=y=2}\)
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của Q là 1 \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=2\)
CMR: \(\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^{2021}+\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)^{2021}⋮4\)
đặt \(a=2+\sqrt{3}\); \(b=2-\sqrt{3}\)
suy ra: \(a+b=2+\sqrt{3}+2-\sqrt{3}=4\)
và : \(ab=\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)=1\)
Ta có: \(a^{2021}+b^{2021}=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^{2020}-a^{2019}b+a^{2018}b^2-...+a^{1010}b^{1010}-...-ab^{2019}+b^{2020}\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^{2020}-a^{2018}ab+a^{2016}a^2b^2-...+a^{1010}b^{1010}-...-abb^{2018}+b^{2020}\right)\)
Vì \(a+b=4\);\(ab=1\)nên:
\(a^{2021}+b^{2021}=4\left(a^{2020}-a^{2018}+a^{2016}-...+1-...-b^{2018}+b^{2020}\right)\)
\(=4\left(a^{2020}+b^{2020}-\left(a^{2018}+b^{2018}\right)+a^{2016}+b^{2016}-...+1\right)\)
\(=4\left(\left(a+b\right)^{2020}-2\left(ab\right)^{1010}-\left(a+b\right)^{2018}+2\left(ab\right)^{1009}+\left(a+b\right)^{2016}-2\left(ab\right)^{1008}-...+1\right)\)\(=4\left(4^{2020}-2-4^{2018}+2+4^{2016}-2-...+1\right)\)
\(=4S\)(Với \(S\inℕ^∗\))
suy ra \(a^{2021}+b^{2021}=4S⋮4\)
Vậy \(\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^{2021}+\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)^{2021}⋮4\left(đpcm\right)\)
Với \(x=y=2\) thì \(Q=\dfrac{10}{3}\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh \(\dfrac{10}{3}\) là GTNN của \(Q\)
Thật vậy: \(\dfrac{\left(x+y+2\right)^2}{xy+2\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{xy+2\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y+2\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{10}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x^2-xy-2x+y^2-2y+4\right)\left(3x^2+5xy+10x+3y^2+10y+12\right)}{3\left(x+y+2\right)^2\left(xy+2x+2y\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(\left(2x-y-2\right)^2+3\left(y-2\right)^2\right)\left(3x^2+5xy+10x+3y^2+10y+12\right)}{12\left(x+y+2\right)^2\left(xy+2x+2y\right)}\ge0\)
BĐT cuối đúng với \(x;y>0\)
Vậy \(Q_{Min}=\dfrac{10}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=y=2\)
Quỳnh Hoa Lenka: Cách của mình đúng và được chấp nhận khi thi nhé :) cho nên mình cũng ko đòi hòi 1 lời giải nào hơn