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Đặt: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=kb\\c=kd\end{matrix}\right.\) . Sau đó thế vào biểu thức tính rồi suy ra đpcm
Ví dụ bài đầu tiên: Thế a = kb; c=kd vào biểu thức,ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{kb}{kb+b}=\dfrac{kb}{b\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{c}{c+d}=\dfrac{kd}{kd+d}=\dfrac{kd}{d\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) ,ta có đpcm: \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{c}{c+d}\)
Các bài sau làm tương tự:Thế a=kb ; c=kd vào biểu thức rồi tính từng vế . Sau đó so sánh hai vế. Thấy hai vế = nhau => đpcm
Đặt:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\dfrac{a+2b}{b}=\dfrac{bk+2b}{b}=\dfrac{b\left(k+2\right)}{b}=k+2\)
\(\dfrac{c+2d}{d}=\dfrac{dk+2d}{d}=\dfrac{d\left(k+2\right)}{d}=k+2\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{a+2b}{b}=\dfrac{c+2d}{d}\Rightarrowđpcm\)
\(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{bk+b}{bk-b}=\dfrac{b\left(k+1\right)}{b\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k+1}{k-1}\)
\(\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}=\dfrac{dk+d}{dk-d}=\dfrac{d\left(k+1\right)}{d\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k+1}{k-1}\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}\Rightarrowđpcm\)
a) ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow ad=bc\Leftrightarrow ad+2bd=bc+2bd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow d\left(a+2b\right)=b\left(c+2d\right)\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+2b}{b}=\dfrac{c+2d}{d}\left(đpcm\right)\)
b) ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow ad=bc\Leftrightarrow2ad=2bc\Leftrightarrow ad+ad=bc+bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ad-bc=bc-ad\Leftrightarrow ac+ad-bc-bd=ac+bc-ad-bd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(c+d\right)-b\left(c+d\right)=c\left(a+b\right)-d\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(c+d\right)=\left(c-d\right)\left(a+b\right)\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\) ⇒ a = b.k ; c = d.k
\(\dfrac{3a-2c}{5a+4c}=\dfrac{3.b.k-2.d.k}{5.b.k+4.d.k}=\dfrac{k\left(3.b-2.d\right)}{k\left(5b+4d\right)}=\dfrac{3b-2d}{5b+4d}\)
\(\dfrac{3b-2d}{5b+4d}=\dfrac{3b-2d}{5b+4d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{3a-2c}{5a+4c}=\dfrac{3b-2d}{5b+4d}\)
Bài 1: Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=k\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=ck\\b=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\dfrac{a}{a+c}=\dfrac{ck}{ck+c}=\dfrac{ck}{c\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{b+d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk+d}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{a+c}=\dfrac{b}{b+d}\)
a, ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{2a}{2c}=\dfrac{2b}{2d}\)
áp dụng tính chất dă y tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{2a}{2c}=\dfrac{2b}{2d}=\dfrac{a+2b}{c+2d}=\dfrac{2a-b}{2c-d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+2b}{c+2d}=\dfrac{2a-b}{2c-d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+2b}{2a-b}=\dfrac{c+2d}{2c-d}\) (ĐPCM)
b, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{3c}{3d}\)
áp dụng tính chất dă tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{3c}{3d}=\dfrac{a+3c}{b+3d}=\dfrac{a-c}{b-d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+3c}{b+3d}=\dfrac{a-c}{b-d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+3c\right)\left(b-d\right)=\left(b+3d\right)\left(a-c\right)\) (ĐPCM)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{2a+b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{a+2b+c+d}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+2c+d}{c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+2d}{d}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2a+b+c+d}{a}-1=\dfrac{a+2b+c+d}{b}-1=\dfrac{a+b+2c+d}{c}-1=\dfrac{a+b+c+2d}{d}-1\)
\(\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)
+) Nếu \(a+b+c+d\ne0\) thì từ trên suy ra:\(a=b=c=d\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}+\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}+\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}+\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}=1+1+1+1=4\)
+) Nếu \(a+b+c+d=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-\left(c+d\right)\\b+c=-\left(d+a\right)\\c+d=-\left(a+b\right)\\d+a=-\left(b+c\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{-\left(c+d\right)}{c+d}+\dfrac{-\left(d+a\right)}{d+a}+\dfrac{-\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}+\dfrac{-\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}=\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)=\left(-4\right)\)
Vậy M = 4 hoặc M = -4
Đặt:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+2b}{c+2d}=\dfrac{bk+2b}{dk+2d}=\dfrac{b\left(k+2\right)}{d\left(k+2\right)}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a-2b}{c-2d}=\dfrac{bk-2b}{dk-2d}=\dfrac{b\left(k-2\right)}{d\left(k-2\right)}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+2b}{c+2d}=\dfrac{a-2b}{c-2d}\rightarrowđpcm\)
ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow ad=bc\Leftrightarrow4ad=4bc\Leftrightarrow2ad+2ad=2bc+2bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2ad-2bc=2bc-2ad\Leftrightarrow ac+2ad-2bc-4bd=ac+2bc-2ad-4bd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c+2d\right)\left(a-2b\right)=\left(a+2b\right)\left(c-2d\right)\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+2b}{c+2d}=\dfrac{a-2b}{c-2d}\left(đpcm\right)\)
a) ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{4c}{4d}=\dfrac{a+4c}{b+4d}\left(đpcm\right)\)
b;c;d tương tự hết
b: a/b=c/d
nên 3a/3b=2c/2d
=>a/b=c/d=(3a+2c)/(3b+2d)
c: a/c=b/d nên a/c=2b/2d=(a-2b)/(c-2d)
d: a/c=b/d
nên 5a/5c=2b/2d
=>a/c=b/d=(5a-2b)/(5c-2d)