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a ) \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2.0=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=0\)
Do \(a^2\ge0;b^2\ge0;c^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge0\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=0\) ( * )
Thay * vào biểu thức M , ta được :
\(M=\left(0-1\right)^{1999}+0^{2000}+\left(0+1\right)^{2001}\)
\(=-1^{1999}+0+1^{2001}\)
\(=-1+0+1\)
\(=0\)
Vậy \(M=0\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{bc}{abc}+\dfrac{ac}{abc}+\dfrac{ab}{abc}=\dfrac{1}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{bc+ac+ab-1}{abc}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bc+ac+ab-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bc+ac+ab=1\)
Mà \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow bc+ac+ab=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2bc+2ac+2ab=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2bc-2ac-2ab=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2=0\)
Do \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0;\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0;\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Mà \(P=\dfrac{a+b}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c+a}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+c}{a+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=1+1+1=3\)
Vậy \(P=3\)
2)
Xét hiệu:
\(A^2+B^2+C^2+D^2+4-2A-2B-2C-2D\)
\(=\left(A^2-2A+1\right)+\left(B^2-2B+1\right)+\left(C^2-2C+1\right)+\left(D^2-2D+1\right)\)
\(=\left(A-1\right)^2+\left(B-1\right)^2+\left(C-1\right)^2+\left(D-1\right)^2\ge0\)
=> BĐT luôn đúng
Vậy \(A^2+B^2+C^2+D^2+4\ge2\left(A+B+C+D\right)\)
1)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số không âm, ta có:
\(\dfrac{AB}{C}+\dfrac{BC}{A}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{AB}{C}.\dfrac{BC}{A}}=2B\) (1)
\(\dfrac{BC}{A}+\dfrac{AC}{B}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{BC}{A}.\dfrac{AC}{B}}=2C\) (2)
\(\dfrac{AB}{C}+\dfrac{AC}{B}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{AB}{C}.\dfrac{AC}{B}}=2A\) (3)
Từ (1)(2)(3) cộng vế theo vế:
\(2\left(\dfrac{AB}{C}+\dfrac{AC}{B}+\dfrac{BC}{A}\right)\ge2\left(A+B+C\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{AB}{C}+\dfrac{AC}{B}+\dfrac{BC}{A}\ge A+B+C\)
a.
Xét hiệu:
\(a^3+b^3-ab\left(a+b\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)-ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=a^2-ab+b^2-ab=a^2-2ab+b^2\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
=> BĐT luôn đúng
b.
Xét hiệu:
\(a^4+b^4-a^3b-ab^3=\left(a^4-a^3b\right)-\left(b^4-ab^3\right)\)
\(=a^3\left(a-b\right)-b^3\left(a-b\right)=\left(a^3-b^3\right)\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\)
=> BĐT luôn đúng
a)
\(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-ab+b^2\ge ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
b)
\(a^4+b^4\ge a^3b+ab^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4-ab^3+b^4-a^3b\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a^3-b^3\right)-b\left(a^3-b^3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
c)
\(\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\ge\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)-\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+b+a+ab-ab-2\sqrt{ab}-1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-2\sqrt{ab}+b\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b\)
d)
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\ge ab+bc+ac\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta được
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+ab\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^3}{b}.ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+ab\ge2a^2\)
Tương tự ta được
\(\dfrac{b^3}{c}+bc\ge2b^2,\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ac\ge2c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ab+bc+ac\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
Mặt khác ta có:\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\) (hệ quả bất đẳng thức AM-GM)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\ge ab+bc+ac\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z;x,y,z>0\)
1) \(a\left(b^3-c^3\right)+b\left(c^3-a^3\right)+c\left(a^3-b^3\right)\)
\(=a\left(b^3-c^3\right)-b\left[\left(b^3-c^3\right)+\left(a^3-b^3\right)\right]+c\left(a^3-b^3\right)\)
\(\left(do\left[\left(b^3-c^3\right)+\left(a^3-b^3\right)\right]=-\left(c^3-a^3\right)\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b^3-c^3\right)+\left(c-b\right)\left(a^3-b^3\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)-\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left[\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)-\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left[\left(c^2-a^2\right)+\left(bc-ab\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left[\left(c-a\right)\left(c+a\right)+b\left(c-a\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
2) \(\dfrac{a-b}{b+c}+\dfrac{b-a}{c+a}+\dfrac{c-b}{a+b}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a-c}{b+c}+1+\dfrac{b-a}{c+a}+1+\dfrac{c-b}{a+b}+1=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a-c+b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{b-a+c+a}{c+a}+\dfrac{c-b+a+b}{a+b}=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c+a}{a+b}=4\)
Ta có:
b+c>a(bđt tam giác)
b+c-a>0 (1)
Chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}< \dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{b+c}< \dfrac{2}{a+b+c}\)
\(b+c-a>0\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}< \dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
Chứng minh tương tự
\(\dfrac{b}{a+c}< \dfrac{2b}{a+b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{a+c}< \dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}< \dfrac{2a+2b+2c}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}< 2\)
1a)\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
b)\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
2a)\(a^2+\dfrac{b^2}{4}\ge ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-ab+\dfrac{b^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}b\cdot a+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\dfrac{1}{2}b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
b)Đã cm
c)\(a^2+b^2+1\ge ab+a+b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2\ge2ab+2a+2b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=1
a)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+m^2-a(b+c+d+m)\)
\(=\frac{4a^2+4b^2+4c^2+4d^2+4m^2-4a(b+c+d+m)}{4}\)
\(=\frac{(a^2+4b^2-4ab)+(a^2+4c^2-4ac)+(a^2+4d^2-4ad)+(a^2+4m^2-4am)}{4}\)
\(=\frac{(a-2b)^2+(a-2c)^2+(a-2d)^2+(a-2m)^2}{4}\geq 0\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=2b=2c=2d=2m\)
b)
Xét hiệu
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}-\frac{4}{x+y}=\frac{x+y}{xy}-\frac{4}{x+y}=\frac{(x+y)^2-4xy}{xy(x+y)}\)
\(=\frac{x^2+y^2-2xy}{xy(x+y)}=\frac{(x-y)^2}{xy(x+y)}\geq 0, \forall x,y>0\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\geq \frac{4}{x+y}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y$
c)
Xét hiệu:
\((a^2+c^2)(b^2+d^2)-(ab+cd)^2\)
\(=(a^2b^2+a^2d^2+c^2b^2+c^2d^2)-(a^2b^2+2abcd+c^2d^2)\)
\(=a^2d^2-2abcd+b^2c^2=(ad-bc)^2\geq 0\)
\(\Rightarrow (a^2+c^2)(b^2+d^2)\geq (ab+cd)^2\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(ad=bc\)
d)
Xét hiệu:
\(a^2+b^2-(a+b-\frac{1}{2})=a^2+b^2-a-b+\frac{1}{2}\)
\(=(a^2-a+\frac{1}{4})+(b^2-b+\frac{1}{4})\)
\(=(a-\frac{1}{2})^2+(b-\frac{1}{2})^2\geq 0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\geq a+b-\frac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Lời giải:
a) Vì $abc=1$ nên ta có:
\(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ac+c+1}=\frac{ac}{abc.+ac+c}+\frac{b.ac}{bc.ac+b.ac+ac}+\frac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(=\frac{ac}{1+ac+c}+\frac{1}{c+1+ac}+\frac{c}{ac+c+1}=\frac{ac+1+c}{ac+c+1}=1\)
(đpcm)
b)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:
\(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=k\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x=ka\\ y=kb\\ z=kc\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(x+y+z=ka+kb+kc=k(a+b+c)=k\)
\(x^2+y^2+z^2=k^2a^2+k^2b^2+k^2c^2=k^2(a^2+b^2+c^2)=k^2\)
\(\Rightarrow A=xy+yz+xz=\frac{(x+y+z)^2-(x^2+y^2+z^2)}{2}=\frac{k^2-k^2}{2}=0\)
\(ab=x;bc=y;ac=z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+z^3-3xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(x+y\right)+z\right]\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-z\left(x+y\right)+z^2\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-xz-yz+z^2-3xy\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+z=0\\x=y=z\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tự full nhé?
ChọnC