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Thay vì \(\alpha;\beta;\gamma\) khó gõ kí tự, mình chuyển thành \(a,b,c\) cho dễ, bạn tự thay lại.
Do ABCD là hbh \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\)
- Chứng minh chiều thuận: I, F, K thẳng hàng \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
Do I, F, K thẳng hàng \(\Rightarrow\) tồn tại một số \(k\ne0\) để \(\overrightarrow{KF}=k.\overrightarrow{KI}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\overrightarrow{KA}+\overrightarrow{AF}\right)=k.\left(\overrightarrow{KA}+\overrightarrow{AI}\right)\Rightarrow\left(-c.\overrightarrow{AD}+b.\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=k\left(-c.\overrightarrow{AD}+a.\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AD}\left(ck-c\right)=k.a.\overrightarrow{AB}-b.\overrightarrow{AC}=ka.\overrightarrow{AB}-b.\overrightarrow{AB}-b.\overrightarrow{AD}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AD}\left(ck-c+b\right)=\overrightarrow{AB}\left(ka-b\right)\) (1)
Do \(\overrightarrow{AD};\overrightarrow{AB}\) không cùng phương \(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\) xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ck-c+b=0\\ka-b=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}k=\dfrac{c-b}{c}\\k=\dfrac{b}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c-b}{c}=\dfrac{b}{a}\Rightarrow1=\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{b}{c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}\) (đpcm)
- Chứng minh chiều nghịch: \(\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}\Rightarrow\) I, F, K thẳng hàng
\(\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}\Rightarrow b=\dfrac{ac}{a+c}\)
\(\overrightarrow{FI}=\overrightarrow{FA}+\overrightarrow{AI}=-b.\overrightarrow{AC}+a.\overrightarrow{AB}=-b\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)+a.\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{FI}=-\dfrac{ac}{a+c}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{ac}{a+c}\overrightarrow{AD}+a.\overrightarrow{AB}=\dfrac{a^2}{a+c}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{ac}{a+c}\overrightarrow{AD}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{FI}=\dfrac{a}{a+c}\left(a.\overrightarrow{AB}-c.\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\) (1)
Lại có \(\overrightarrow{KI}=\overrightarrow{KA}+\overrightarrow{AI}=-c.\overrightarrow{AD}+a.\overrightarrow{AB}=a.\overrightarrow{AB}-c.\overrightarrow{AD}\) (2)
Từ (1), (2) \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{FI}=\dfrac{a}{a+c}\overrightarrow{KI}\) ; mà \(\dfrac{a}{a+c}\) là hằng số \(\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow F,I,K\) thẳng hàng (đpcm)
Vậy F, I, K thẳng hàng khi và chỉ khi \(\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{sin\left(a-b\right)}{sina.sinb}+\dfrac{sin\left(b-c\right)}{sinb.sinc}+\dfrac{sin\left(c-a\right)}{sinc.sina}\)
\(=\dfrac{sina.cosb-cosa.sinb}{sina.sinb}+\dfrac{sinb.cosc-cosb.sinc}{sinb.sinc}+\dfrac{sinc.cosa-cosc.sina}{sina.sinc}\)
\(=\dfrac{cosb}{sinb}-\dfrac{cosa}{sina}+\dfrac{cosc}{sincc}-\dfrac{cosb}{sinb}+\dfrac{cosa}{sina}-\dfrac{cosc}{sincc}\)
\(=0\)
a/ \(\overrightarrow{AN}+\overrightarrow{BP}+\overrightarrow{CM}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{BA}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BA}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CA}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)=\overrightarrow{0}\)
b/
Do MN là đường trung bình tam giác ABC \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MN}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AN}=\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{MN}=\overrightarrow{AM}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AP}\)
c/
\(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{BN}+\overrightarrow{CP}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CA}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CA}=\overrightarrow{0}\)