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Bài 2:
a: \(B=\left(\dfrac{x}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}-\dfrac{6}{3\left(x-2\right)}+\dfrac{1}{x-2}\right):\left(\dfrac{x^2-4+16-x^2}{x+2}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{x}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}-\dfrac{2}{x-2}+\dfrac{1}{x-2}\right):\dfrac{12}{x+2}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{x}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}-\dfrac{1}{x-2}\right):\dfrac{12}{x+2}\)
\(=\dfrac{x-x-2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\cdot\dfrac{x+2}{12}=\dfrac{-1}{6\left(x-2\right)}\)
b: Thay x=1/2 vào B, ta được:
\(B=\dfrac{-1}{6\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-2\right)}=\dfrac{-1}{6\cdot\dfrac{-3}{2}}=\dfrac{1}{9}\)
Thay x=-1/2 vào B, ta được:
\(B=\dfrac{-1}{6\cdot\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}-2\right)}=-\dfrac{1}{15}\)
c: Để B=2 thì \(\dfrac{-1}{6\left(x-2\right)}=2\)
=>6(x-2)=-1/2
=>x-2=-1/12
hay x=23/12
Lời giải:
ĐKXĐ: $x\neq \pm 1$
a.
\(P=\frac{x(x+1)-(x^2+2)}{x+1}:[\frac{x(x-1)}{(x-1)(x+1)}+\frac{x-4}{(x-1)(x+1)}]\\ =\frac{x-2}{x+1}:\frac{x(x-1)+x-4}{(x-1)(x+1)}\\ =\frac{x-2}{x+1}:\frac{x^2-4}{(x-1)(x+1)}\\ =\frac{x-2}{x+1}.\frac{(x+1)(x-1)}{(x-2)(x+2)}=\frac{x-1}{x+2}\)
b.
Để $P=2$ thì $\frac{x-1}{x+2}=2$ ($x\neq \pm 2$)
$\Rightarrow x-1=2(x+2)$
$\Leftrightarrow x=-5$ (tm)
c.
Với $x$ nguyên, để $P$ nguyên thì $x-1\vdots x+2$
$\Rightarrow (x+2)-3\vdots x+2$
$\Rightarrow 3\vdots x+2$
$\Rightarrow x+2\in\left\{\pm 1; \pm 3\right\}$
$\Rightarrow x\in \left\{-3; -1; 1; -5\right\}$
Do $x\neq \pm 1$ nên $x\in\left\{-3;-5\right\}$
d.
$P<1\Leftrightarrow \frac{x-1}{x+2}<1$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{x-1}{x+2}-1<0$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{-3}{x+2}<0$
$\Leftrightarrow x+2>0\Leftrightarrow x>-2$
Kết hợp đkxđ suy ra $x>-2; x\neq \pm 1; x\neq 2$
a/ Ta có \(A=\frac{\frac{x}{x^2-4}+\frac{1}{x+2}-\frac{2}{x-2}}{1-\frac{x}{x+2}}\)với \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\ne\pm2\\x\ne0\end{cases}}\)
\(A=\frac{\frac{x}{x^2-4}+\frac{x-2-2\left(x+2\right)}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}}{\frac{x+2-x}{x+2}}\)
\(A=\frac{\frac{x}{x^2-4}+\frac{x-2-2x-4}{x^2-4}}{\frac{2}{x+2}}\)
\(A=\frac{\frac{x-x-6}{x^2-4}}{\frac{2}{x+2}}\)
\(A=\frac{-6}{x^2-4}.\frac{x+2}{2}\)
\(A=\frac{-3}{x-2}\)
b/ Ta có \(x=-4\)thoả mãn ĐKXĐ
Vậy với \(x=-4\):
\(A=\frac{-3}{x-2}=\frac{-3}{-4-2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
c/ Khi \(A\inℤ\)
=> \(\frac{-3}{x-2}\inℤ\)
=> \(-3⋮\left(x-2\right)\)
=> x - 2 là ước của -3
Ta có bảng sau:
| x-2 | -1 | -2 | -3 | -6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
| x | 1 | 0 | -1 | -4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 8 |
Mà ĐKXĐ \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\ne\pm2\\x\ne0\end{cases}}\)
=> \(x\in\left\{\pm1;\pm4;3;5;8\right\}\)
Vậy khi \(x\in\left\{\pm1;\pm4;3;5;8\right\}\)thì \(A\inℤ\).
Bài 2:
a, ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne\pm1;x\ne\dfrac{-1}{2}\)
\(P=\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x+1}-\dfrac{x}{x-1}-\dfrac{3x+1}{1-x^2}\right):\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2-1}\)
\(P=\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x+1}-\dfrac{x}{x-1}+\dfrac{3x+1}{x^2-1}\right).\dfrac{x^2-1}{2x+1}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)^2-x\left(x+1\right)+3x+1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}.\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{2x+1}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x^2-2x+1-x^2-x+3x+1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}.\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{2x+1}\)
\(P=\dfrac{2}{2x+1}\)
b, ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne\pm1;x\ne\dfrac{-1}{2}\)
Để \(P=\dfrac{3}{x-1}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{2x+1}=\dfrac{3}{x-1}\Leftrightarrow2\left(x-1\right)=3\left(2x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-2=6x+3\)\(\Leftrightarrow-4x=5\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-5}{4}\)(TMĐK)
c, \(ĐKXĐ:x\ne\pm1;x\ne\dfrac{-1}{2}\)
Để \(P\in Z\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{2x+1}\in Z\Leftrightarrow2x+1\inƯ\left(2\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2\right\}\)
+) Với \(2x+1=1\Leftrightarrow x=0\left(TMĐK\right)\)
+) Với \(2x+1=-1\Leftrightarrow x=-1\left(KTMĐK\right)\)
+) Với \(2x+1=2\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(TMĐK\right)\)
+) Với \(2x+1=-2\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-3}{2}\left(TMĐK\right)\)
Vậy để \(P\in Z\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{0;\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{-3}{2}\right\}\)
- \(B=\left(\frac{21}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}+\frac{\left(x-4\right)\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}-\frac{\left(x-3\right)\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}\right):\frac{x+3-1}{x+3}\)\(=\frac{3x+6}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}.\frac{x+3}{x+2}=\frac{3\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+2\right)}=\frac{3}{x-3}\)
- Điều kiện \(x\ne3\) \(\Rightarrow\frac{-3}{5}=\frac{3}{x-3}\Leftrightarrow x-3=-5\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)
- \(B=\frac{3}{x-3}< 0\Leftrightarrow x-3< 0\Leftrightarrow x< 3\)
a) B=(\(\frac{21}{x^2-9}\)-\(\frac{x-4}{3-x}\)-\(\frac{x-1}{3+x}\)) : (1-\(\frac{1}{x+3}\)) (ĐK: x khác +-3)
=(\(\frac{21}{\left(x-3\right).\left(x+3\right)}\)+\(\frac{x-4}{x-3}\)-\(\frac{x-1}{x+3}\)) : (1-\(\frac{1}{x+3}\))
=(\(\frac{21+\left(x+4\right).\left(x+3\right)-\left(x-1\right).\left(x-3\right)}{\left(x-3\right).\left(x+3\right)}\):(\(\frac{x+3-1}{x+3}\))
=(\(\frac{3x+6}{\left(x-3\right).\left(x+3\right)}\)) . (\(\frac{x+3}{x+2}\))
=(\(\frac{3.\left(x+2\right)}{\left(x-3\right).\left(x+3\right)}\). \(\frac{x+3}{x+2}\)
=\(\frac{3}{x-3}\)
b) B=\(\frac{3}{x-3}\)=\(\frac{-3}{5}\)
(=) \(\frac{3.5}{x-3}\)=-3
(=) -3.(x-3) = 15
(=) -3x=6
(=) x=-2
vậy x=2 thì B=\(\frac{-3}{5}\)
c) B=\(\frac{3}{x-3}\)<0
(=) 3 < x - 3
(=) -x < - 3 - 3
(=) x > 6
Vậy với x > 6 thì B < 0
ĐKXĐ bạn tự xét nhé
\(M=\left(1+\frac{a}{a^2+1}\right):\left(\frac{1}{a-1}-\frac{2a}{a^3-a^2+a-1}\right)\)
\(M=\left(\frac{a^2+1}{a^2+1}+\frac{a}{a^2+1}\right):\left(\frac{a^2+1}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(a-1\right)}-\frac{2a}{a^2\left(a-1\right)+\left(a-1\right)}\right)\)
\(M=\left(\frac{a^2+a+1}{a^2+1}\right):\left(\frac{a^2+1}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(a-1\right)}-\frac{2a}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(a-1\right)}\right)\)
\(M=\left(\frac{a^2+a+1}{a^2+1}\right):\left(\frac{a^2-2a+1}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(a-1\right)}\right)\)
\(M=\left(\frac{a^2+a+1}{a^2+1}\right):\left(\frac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(a-1\right)}\right)\)
\(M=\frac{\left(a^2+a+1\right)\left(a^2+1\right)\left(a-1\right)}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(a-1\right)^2}\)
\(M=\frac{a^2+a+1}{a-1}\)
Để M thuộc Z thì \(a^2+a+1⋮a-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-a+2a-2+3⋮a-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a-1\right)+2\left(a-1\right)+3⋮a-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(a+2\right)+3⋮a-1\)
Mà \(\left(a-1\right)\left(a+2\right)⋮a-1\)
\(\Rightarrow3⋮a-1\)
\(\Rightarrow a-1\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{1;3;-1;-3\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow a\in\left\{2;4;0;-2\right\}\)
Để M = 7 thì :
\(\frac{a^2+a+1}{a-1}=7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+a+1=7\left(a-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+a+1=7a-7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-6a+8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2a-4a+8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a-2\right)-4\left(a-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2\right)\left(a-4\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a-2=0\\a-4=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=2\\a=4\end{cases}}}\)
Để M > 0 thì :
\(\frac{a^2+a+1}{a-1}>0\)
Vì \(a^2+a+1>0\forall a\), do đó để M > 0 thì : \(a-1>0\Leftrightarrow a>1\)
Chứng minh \(a^2+a+1>0\):
Đặt \(B=a^2+a+1\)
\(B=a^2+2\cdot a\cdot\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(B=\left(a+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(a+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall a\)
\(\Rightarrow B\ge0+\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{4}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow B>0\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a+\frac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow a=\frac{-1}{2}\)