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\(B=\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{15}+\dfrac{1}{21}+...+\dfrac{1}{120}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=\dfrac{2}{20}+\dfrac{2}{30}+\dfrac{2}{42}+...+\dfrac{2}{240}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=2\left(\dfrac{1}{20}+\dfrac{1}{30}+\dfrac{1}{42}+...+\dfrac{1}{240}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=2\left(\dfrac{1}{4.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+\dfrac{1}{6.7}+...+\dfrac{1}{15.16}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=2\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{7}+...+\dfrac{1}{15}-\dfrac{1}{16}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=2\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}\right)=\dfrac{3}{8}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{3}{8}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
a, Ta có :
\(M=\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}+\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2\cdot3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2\cdot3\cdot...\cdot100}\\ < \dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{1}{99\cdot100}\\ =1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}-...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\\ =1-\dfrac{1}{100}=\dfrac{99}{100}< 1\\ \Rightarrow M< 1\\ \RightarrowĐpcm\)
Ta có :
\(S=\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{13}+\dfrac{1}{14}+\dfrac{1}{15}+\dfrac{1}{61}+\dfrac{1}{62}+\dfrac{1}{63}\)
\(S=\dfrac{1}{5}+\left(\dfrac{1}{13}+\dfrac{1}{14}+\dfrac{1}{15}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{61}+\dfrac{1}{62}+\dfrac{1}{63}\right)\)
Nhận xét :
\(\dfrac{1}{13}+\dfrac{1}{14}+\dfrac{1}{15}< \dfrac{1}{12}+\dfrac{1}{12}+\dfrac{1}{12}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{61}+\dfrac{1}{62}+\dfrac{1}{63}< \dfrac{1}{60}+\dfrac{1}{60}+\dfrac{1}{60}=\dfrac{1}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< \dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< \dfrac{1}{2}\rightarrowđpcm\)
Giải
Ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2};\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3};\dfrac{1}{4^2}< \dfrac{1}{3.4};...;\dfrac{1}{20^2}< \dfrac{1}{19.20}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)D < \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{19.20}\)
Nhận xét: \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}=1-\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2.3}=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3};\dfrac{1}{3.4}=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4};...;\dfrac{1}{19.20}=\dfrac{1}{19}-\dfrac{1}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) D< 1- \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{19}-\dfrac{1}{20}\)
D< 1 - \(\dfrac{1}{20}\)
D< \(\dfrac{19}{20}\)<1
\(\Rightarrow\)D< 1
Vậy D=\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{5^2}\)<1
A=\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\)
A=\(\dfrac{1}{2^2.1}+\dfrac{1}{2^2.2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2.2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50^2.2^2}\)
A=\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50^2}\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{50.50}\right)\)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{2.2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2};\dfrac{1}{3.3}< \dfrac{1}{2.3};\dfrac{1}{4.4}< \dfrac{1}{3.4};...;\dfrac{1}{50.50}< \dfrac{1}{49.50}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{49.50}\right)\)Nhận xét :
\(\dfrac{1}{1.2}< 1-\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2.3}< \dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3};...;\dfrac{1}{49.50}< \dfrac{1}{49}-\dfrac{1}{50}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}-\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)
A<\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)
A<\(\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{49}{50}\)<1
A<\(\dfrac{49}{200}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có: \(S=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{9^2}< \dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{8.9}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{1}{9}\)\(=\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{9}=\dfrac{23}{36}< \dfrac{32}{36}=\dfrac{8}{9}\). (1)
Ta lại có: \(S=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{9^2}>\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{4.5}+...+\dfrac{1}{9.10}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}+...+\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{1}{10}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{10}=\dfrac{19}{20}>\dfrac{8}{20}=\dfrac{2}{5}\). (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra đpcm.
b,\(\dfrac{1}{3.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.7}\)\(+\dfrac{1}{7.9}+....+\dfrac{1}{\left(2x+1\right).\left(2x+3\right)}=\dfrac{15}{93}\)
\(\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{7}+\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{9}+...+\dfrac{1}{2x+1}-\dfrac{1}{2x+3}\right).\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{15}{93}\)
\(\left[\dfrac{1}{3}+\left(\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{5}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{7}\right)+....+\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+1}-\dfrac{1}{2x+1}\right)-\dfrac{1}{2x+3}\right].\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{15}{93}\)
\(\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+0+0+...+0-\dfrac{1}{2x+3}\right).\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{15}{93}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2x+3}=\dfrac{15}{93}:\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2x+3}=\dfrac{10}{31}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+3}=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{10}{31}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+3}=\dfrac{1}{93}\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+3=93\)
\(2x=93-3=90\)
\(\Rightarrow x=90:2=45\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{15}+\dfrac{1}{21}+...+\dfrac{1}{105}+\dfrac{1}{120}\)
\(M=2.\left(\dfrac{1}{20}+\dfrac{1}{30}+\dfrac{1}{42}+...+\dfrac{1}{240}\right)\)
\(M=2.\left(\dfrac{1}{4.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+...+\dfrac{1}{15.16}\right)\)
\(M=2.\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{15}-\dfrac{1}{16}\right)\)
\(M=2.\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}\right)\)
\(M=2.\dfrac{3}{16}\)
\(M=\dfrac{3}{8}\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{1}{3}< M< \dfrac{1}{2}\)