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Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{a+2b}+\frac{b^2}{2a+b}\geq \frac{(a+b)^2}{a+2b+2a+b}=\frac{(a+b)^2}{3(a+b)}=\frac{a+b}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{a}{a+2b}=\frac{b}{2a+b}\\ a+b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Bài 2:
Vì $x+y=2019$ nên $2019-x=y; 2019-y=x$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(P=\frac{x}{\sqrt{2019-x}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{2019-y}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{x}}=\frac{x^2}{x\sqrt{y}}+\frac{y^2}{y\sqrt{x}}\geq \frac{(x+y)^2}{x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}}\)
Mà theo BĐT AM-GM và Bunhiacopxky:
\((x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x})^2\leq (xy+yx)(x+y)=2xy(x+y)\leq \frac{(x+y)^2}{2}.(x+y)=\frac{(x+y)^3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{(x+y)^2}{\sqrt{\frac{(x+y)^3}{2}}}=\sqrt{2(x+y)}=\sqrt{2.2019}=\sqrt{4038}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=\sqrt{4038}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{2019}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)
Do a+b+c khác ) nên:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Do đó:
Q=\(\frac{a^2+3b^2+5c^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{9a^2}{9a^2}=1\)
có giá trị ko đổi
\(\Delta=b^2-4ac\le0\Rightarrow b^2\le4ac\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}.\frac{c}{b}\ge\frac{1}{4}\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{a}{b};\frac{c}{b}\right)=\left(x;y\right)\Rightarrow xy\ge\frac{1}{4}\)
\(F=4x+y\ge4\sqrt{xy}\ge4\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{1}{4}\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) hay \(b=c=4a\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{8a^2+56}=\sqrt{8\left(a^2+7\right)}=\sqrt{8\left(a^2+ab+2ab+2ac\right)}=2\cdot\sqrt{2\left(a+b\right)\left(a+2c\right)}\)
\(\le2\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+2c\right)=3a+2b+2c\)
Tương tự\(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{8b^2+56}\le2a+3b+2c\\\sqrt{4c^2+7}=\sqrt{4c^2+ab+2ac+2bc}=\sqrt{\left(a+2c\right)\left(b+2c\right)}\le\frac{a+b+4c}{2}\end{cases}}\)
=> Q>2
Dấu "=" <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=1\\c=1,5\end{cases}}\)
\(a+b\ge1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\ge1-b\\b\ge1-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(P=2a+\frac{b}{4a}+b^2=a+\frac{b}{4a}+b^2+a\)
\(P\ge a+\frac{1-a}{4a}+b^2+1-b=a+\frac{1}{4a}+b^2-b+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\)
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{4a}}+\left(b-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(A_{min}=\frac{3}{2}\) khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)