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nham. thuc ra
áp dụng bdt cô si ta có
\(\frac{a^4}{b\left(c+a\right)^2}+b>=\frac{a^2}{c+a}\)
cm tương tự
do do P+a+b+c>=\(\frac{a^2}{c+a}+\frac{b^2}{a+b}+\frac{c^2}{b+c}\)
áp dụng bất đẳng thức bunhiacopxki ta có
\(\frac{a^2}{c+a}+\frac{b^2}{a+b}+\frac{c^2}{b+c}>=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{12}{2}=6\)
=>P>=-6
dau = xay ra<=>
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a^4}{b\left(c+a\right)^2}=b\\\frac{b^4}{c\left(a+b\right)^2}=c\end{cases}}va\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{c^4}{a\left(b+c\right)^2}=c\\\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{a^2}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{b^2}=\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{c^2}\\a+b+c=12\end{cases}}\)
<=>a=b=c=4(tm)
Sử dụng AM - GM ta dễ có:
\(abc\left(a+b+c\right)=bc\left(a^2+ab+ac\right)\le\left(\frac{a^2+ab+bc+ca}{2}\right)^2=\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{2}\right]^2=\frac{1}{4}\)
Suy ra đpcm
\(P=\frac{bc}{2ab+ac}+\frac{ca}{2ab+bc}+\frac{4ab}{bc+ca}\)
Xét \(Q=P+3=\frac{bc}{2ab+ac}+1+\frac{ca}{2ab+bc}+1+\frac{4ab}{bc+ca}+1\)
\(Q=\frac{2ab+ac+bc}{2ab+ac}+\frac{2ab+ac+bc}{2ab+bc}+\frac{4ab+bc+ca}{bc+ca}\)
\(=\left(2ab+ac+bc\right)\left(\frac{1}{2ab+ac}+\frac{1}{2ab+bc}\right)+\frac{4ab+bc+ca}{bc+ca}\)
\(\ge\left(2ab+ac+bc\right)\frac{4}{4ab+ac+bc}+\frac{4ab+bc+ca}{bc+ca}=K\)(Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)với a, b không âm)
\(K=\frac{2\left(4ab+ac+bc\right)+2\left(ac+bc\right)}{4ab+ac+bc}+\frac{2\left(4ab+bc+ca\right)}{9\left(ac+bc\right)}\)\(+\frac{7\left(4ab+bc+ca\right)}{9\left(ac+bc\right)}\)
\(=2+\left[\frac{2\left(ac+bc\right)}{4ab+ac+bc}+\frac{2\left(4ab+bc+ca\right)}{9\left(ac+bc\right)}\right]+\frac{7}{9}+\frac{7}{9}.\frac{4ab}{ac+bc}\)
\(\ge2+2\sqrt{\frac{2\left(ac+bc\right)}{4ab+ac+bc}.\frac{2\left(4ab+bc+ca\right)}{9\left(ac+bc\right)}}+\frac{7}{9}+\frac{7}{9}.\frac{4ab}{ac+bc}\)(Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 2 số không âm)
\(=\frac{37}{9}+\frac{7}{9}.\frac{4ab}{ac+bc}\)
Mặt khác: \(6=2\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+c\left(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{a^2}\right)=\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{ab}+\frac{c\left(a^3+b^3\right)}{a^2b^2}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{ab}+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2b^2}\)\(\ge\frac{2.2ab}{ab}+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)\left(2ab-ab\right)}{a^2b^2}=4+\frac{ac+bc}{ab}\)(theo BĐT \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\))
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ac+bc}{ab}\le2\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow K\ge\frac{37}{9}+\frac{7}{9}.\frac{4ab}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{37}{9}+\frac{7}{9}.\frac{4}{2}=\frac{17}{3}\)
Ta có \(Q=P+3\ge K\ge\frac{17}{3}\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{17}{3}-3=\frac{8}{3}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}2ab+ac=2ab+bc\\\frac{2\left(ac+bc\right)}{4ab+ac+bc}=\frac{2\left(4ab+bc+ca\right)}{9\left(ac+bc\right)}\\a=b\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Từ \(2\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+c\left(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{a^2}\right)=6\Rightarrow6=\frac{c\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2b^2}+\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{ab}\)
ta có \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Rightarrow6=\frac{c\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2b^2}+\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{ab}\ge\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab}+4\)
\(\Rightarrow0< \frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab}\le2\)
Lại có
\(\frac{bc}{a\left(2b+c\right)}+\frac{ac}{b\left(2a+c\right)}=\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{abc\left(2b+c\right)}+\frac{\left(ac\right)^2}{abc\left(2a+c\right)}\ge\frac{\left(bc+ac\right)^2}{2abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)\(=\frac{\left[c\left(a+b\right)\right]^2}{2abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
và \(abc\left(a+b+c\right)=ab\cdot bc+bc\cdot ba+ab\cdot ca\le\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{bc}{a\left(2b+c\right)}+\frac{ac}{b\left(2a+c\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab+bc+ca}\right)^2=\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab}}{1+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab}}\right)^2\)
Đặt \(t=\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab}\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{3t^2}{2\left(1+t\right)^2}+\frac{4}{t}\left(0< t\le2\right)\)
Có \(\frac{3t^2}{2\left(1+t\right)^2}+\frac{4}{t}=\left(\frac{3t^2}{\left(1+t\right)^2}+\frac{4}{t}-\frac{8}{3}\right)+\frac{8}{3}=\frac{-7t^2-8t^2+32t+24}{6t\left(1+t\right)^2}+\frac{8}{3}\)
\(=\frac{\left(t-2\right)\left(-7t^2-22t-12\right)}{6t\left(1+t\right)^2}\ge0\forall t\in(0;2]\)
=> \(\frac{\left(t-2\right)\left(-7t^2-22t-12\right)}{6t\left(1+t\right)^2}+\frac{8}{3}\ge\frac{8}{3}\forall t\in(0;2]\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> t=2 hay a=b=c
đây là cách của t. t nghĩ nó đơn giản hơn lời giải đó
Ta có : \(\left(a+b\right)^4\le\left(a+b\right)^4+\left(a-b\right)^4=2a^4+2b^4+12a^2b^2\)
\(=2a^4+2b^4+\frac{32}{3}a^2b^2+\frac{2}{3}.2a^2b^2\le2a^4+2b^4+\frac{32}{3}a^2b^2+\frac{2}{3}\left(a^4+b^4\right)\)( Cô-si )
\(=\frac{8}{3}a^4+\frac{8}{3}b^4+\frac{32}{3}a^2b^2\)
Tương tự : \(\left(b+c\right)^4\le\frac{8}{3}b^4+\frac{8}{3}c^4+\frac{32}{3}b^2c^2\); \(\left(a+c\right)^4\le\frac{8}{3}a^4+\frac{8}{3}c^4+\frac{32}{3}a^2c^2\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si dạng Engel, ta có :
\(\left(\frac{a}{a+b}\right)^4+\left(\frac{b}{b+c}\right)^4+\left(\frac{c}{c+a}\right)^4\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^4+\left(b+c\right)^4+\left(c+a\right)^4}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\frac{16}{3}\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)+\frac{32}{3}\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2\right)}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\frac{16}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}=\frac{3}{16}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)x = y = z
Vậy GTNN của P là \(\frac{3}{16}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)x = y = z
ÁP dụng BĐT AM-Gm ta có:
\(Σ\frac{a^2}{\left(ab+2\right)\left(2ab+1\right)}\ge\frac{4}{9}\cdotΣ\frac{a^2}{\left(ab+1\right)^2}\)
ĐẶt \(a=\frac{x}{y};b=\frac{y}{z};c=\frac{z}{x}\) thì cần cm
\(Σ\frac{a^2}{\left(ab+1\right)^2}=Σ\left(\frac{xz}{y\left(x+z\right)}\right)^2\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
\(Σ\left(\frac{xz}{y\left(x+z\right)}\right)^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{xz}{y\left(x+z\right)}\right)^2\)
Theo C-S \(Σ\frac{xz}{y\left(x+z\right)}=\frac{\left(xz\right)^2}{xyz\left(x+z\right)}\ge\frac{\left(Σxy\right)^2}{2xy\left(Σx\right)}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3}\cdot\left(Σ\frac{xz}{y\left(x+z\right)}\right)^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\cdot\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Đúng hay ta có ĐPCM xyar ra khi a=b=c=1
Ta có:
\(\frac{a}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{a\left(a+1\right)}{8}+\frac{a\left(b+1\right)}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}{64\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}}=\frac{3a}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow LHS+\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca+2\left(a+b+c\right)}{8}\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow LHS\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca}{8}\)
\(\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}-\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{4}\)
Có ý tưởng đến đây thôi nhưng lại bị ngược dấu rồi :(
BĐT <=> \(\frac{a\left(c+1\right)+b\left(a+1\right)+c\left(b+1\right)}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
<=> \(\frac{ab+bc+ac+a+b+c}{abc+1+ab+bc+ac+a+c+b}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
<=> \(4\left(ab+bc+ac+a+b+c\right)\ge3\left(ab+bc+ac+a+b+c+2\right)\)
<=> \(ab+bc+ac+a+b+c\ge6\)(1)
(1) luôn đúng do \(ab+bc+ac\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}=3;a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\)
=> BĐT được CM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Biến đổi tương đương ta có :
\(\frac{a}{\left(a+1\right).\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{b}{\left(b+1\right).\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{c}{\left(c+1\right).\left(a+1\right)}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4.a.\left(c+1\right)+4.b.\left(a+1\right)+4.c.\left(b+1\right)\ge3.\left(a+1\right).\left(b+1\right).\left(c+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4.\left(a+b+c\right)+4.\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\ge3.a.b.c+3.\left(a+b+c\right)+3.\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c+ab+bc+ca\ge6\)
Sử dụng thêm bất đẳng thức Cauchy 3 số ta có :
a+b+c \(\ge\)3.\(\sqrt[3]{abc}\)và ab + bc + ca \(\ge3.\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}=3\)
Vậy bất đẳng thức đã được chứng minh . Dấu bằng xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a= b= c =1
Mình áp dụng BĐT AM-GM đến dòng
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca+a+b\ge6\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho 3 số dương ta được
\(ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[2]{\left(abc\right)^2}=3;a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[2]{abc}=3\)
Cộng từng vế BĐT ta được (1). Do vậy BĐT ban đầu được chứng minh
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
Biến đối tương đương ta có:
\(\frac{a}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{b}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{c}{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a\left(c+1\right)+4b\left(a+1\right)+4c\left(b+1\right)\ge3\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(a+b+c\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge3abc+3\left(a+b+c\right)+3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c+ab+bc+ca\ge6\)
Sử dụng thêm BĐT Cauchy 3 số ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\\ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}=3\end{cases}}\)
Vậy BĐT đã được chứng minh. Dấu "=" <=> a=b=c=1
Có : (a-b)^2 >= 0
<=> a^2+b^2 >= 2ab
<=> 2(a^2+b^2) >= a^2+b^2+2ab = (a+b)^2
<=> a^2+b^2 >= (a+b)^2/2
=> A >= (4^2/2)/4 = 8/4 = 2
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=2
Vậy Min A = 2 <=> a=b=2
Tk mk nha
Ta có: \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge a^2+b^2+2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge8\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{a^2+b^2}{4}\ge2\)