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1) Từ \(\dfrac{a}{b-c}+\dfrac{b}{c-a}+\dfrac{c}{a-b}=0\), suy ra
\(\dfrac{a}{b-c}=\dfrac{b}{a-c}+\dfrac{c}{b-a}=\dfrac{b^2-ab+ac-c^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
Nhân cả 2 vế với \(\dfrac{1}{b-c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}=\dfrac{b^2-ab+ac-c^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=\dfrac{c^2-bc+ba-a^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=\dfrac{a^2-ca+bc-b^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}\left(3\right)\)
Cộng \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right)\) vế theo vế, ta được:
\(\dfrac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\dfrac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=0\)
2) Đặt vế trái đẳng thức cần chứng minh là P
Đặt \(A=\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\), ta có:
\(A.\dfrac{c}{a-b}=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left(\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}.\dfrac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\)
\(=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}.\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab}=1+\dfrac{2c^2}{ab}=1+\dfrac{2c^3}{abc}\)
Tương tự: \(A.\dfrac{a}{b-c}=1+\dfrac{2a^3}{abc},A.\dfrac{b}{c-a}=1+\dfrac{2b^3}{abc}\)
Vậy \(P=3+\dfrac{2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}=9\)
P/S: \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)(Cái này tự chứng minh)
theo de bai ta co \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=1\) suy ra ab+bc+ac=abc
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a+bc}=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+abc}=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+bc+ac}=\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
nên vt =\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^3}{\left(a+c\right)\left(c+b\right)}\)
nx \(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\) >= \(\dfrac{3a}{4}\)
ttu vt>= \(\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}-\left(\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}\right)\) =\(\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\)
dau = say ra a=b=c=3
1) Áp dụng bất đẳng Bunyakovsky dạng cộng mẫu ta có:
\(\frac{a^5}{bc}+\frac{b^5}{ca}+\frac{c^5}{ab}=\frac{a^6}{abc}+\frac{b^6}{abc}+\frac{c^6}{abc}\ge\frac{\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)^2}{3abc}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{3abc}\ge\frac{3abc\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{3abc}=a^3+b^3+c^3\)
(Cauchy 3 số) Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c
2) Áp dụng kết quả phần 1 ta có:
\(\frac{a^5}{bc}+\frac{b^5}{ca}+\frac{c^5}{ab}\ge\frac{\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)^2}{3abc}\ge\frac{\left(a^3+b^2+c^3\right)^2}{3\cdot\frac{1}{3}}=\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)^2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{3}}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}=0\Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}+\dfrac{xz}{ac}\right)=1=\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xyc+ayz+xbz}{abc}\right)=\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}\)(đpcm)
\(\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}=0\Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)
\(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2-2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}+\dfrac{zx}{ac}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2-2\left(\dfrac{cxy+ayz+bzx}{abc}\right)\)\(=1-0=1\left(dpcm\right)\)
Bài 1:
Với $a=0$ hoặc $b=0$ thì ta luôn có \(ab=a^ab^b\)
Với $a\neq 0; b\neq 0$ , tức là \(a,b\in (0;1]\)
Ta có: \(a^a-a=a(a^{a-1}-1)=a(\frac{1}{a^{1-a}}-1)=\frac{a}{a^{1-a}}(1-a^{1-a})\)
Với \(0\leq a\leq 1; 1-a\geq 0\Rightarrow a^{1-a}\leq 1\)
\(\Rightarrow 1-a^{1-a}\geq 0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^a-a=\frac{a}{a^{1-a}}(1-a^{1-a})\geq 0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^a\geq a\)
Tương tự: \(b^b\geq b\)
\(\Rightarrow a^ab^b\geq ab\) (đpcm)
Bài 2:
Ta có :\(\frac{1}{3^a}+\frac{1}{3^b}+\frac{1}{3^c}\geq 3\left(\frac{a}{3^a}+\frac{b}{3^b}+\frac{c}{3^c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1-3a}{3^a}+\frac{1-3b}{3^b}+\frac{1-3c}{3^c}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{b+c-2a}{3^a}+\frac{a+c-2b}{3^b}+\frac{a+b-2c}{3^c}\geq 0\) (do $a+b+c=1$)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a-b)\left(\frac{1}{3^b}-\frac{1}{3^a}\right)+(b-c)\left(\frac{1}{3^c}-\frac{1}{3^b}\right)+(c-a)\left(\frac{1}{3^a}-\frac{1}{3^c}\right)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{(a-b)(3^a-3^b)}{3^{a+b}}+\frac{(b-c)(3^b-3^c)}{3^{b+c}}+\frac{(c-a)(3^c-3^a)}{3^{c+a}}\geq 0(*)\)
Ta thấy, với mọi \(a\geq b\Rightarrow 3^a\geq 3^b; a\leq b\Rightarrow 3^a\leq 3^b\)
Tức là \(a-b; 3^a-3^b\) luôn cùng dấu
\(\Rightarrow (a-b)(3^a-3^b)\geq 0\). Kết hợp với \(3^{a+b}>0, \forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{(a-b)(3^a-3^b)}{3^{a+b}}\geq 0\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{(b-c)(3^b-3^c)}{3^{b+c}}\geq 0; \frac{(c-a)(3^c-3^a)}{3^{c+a}}\geq 0\)
Do đó $(*)$ đúng, ta có đpcm.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$
Lời giải:
Đặt \(\frac{ab}{c}=x; \frac{bc}{a}=y; \frac{ca}{b}=z\Rightarrow a^2=xz; b^2=xy; c^2=yz\)
Bài toán trở thành: Cho $x,y,z>0$ thỏa mãn \(xy+yz+xz=3\)
Chứng minh \(x+y+z\geq 3\)
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Theo hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT AM-GM:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2\geq xy+yz+xz\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2(xy+yz+xz)\geq 3(xy+yz+xz)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y+z)^2\geq 3(xy+yz+xz)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\geq 3\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z=1$ hay $a=b=c=1$
\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2}{ab}+\frac{2}{bc}+\frac{2}{ac}\)
Theo đề bài \(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}\right)=0\Rightarrow\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{c+a+b}{abc}=0\) mà \(a;b;c\ne0\Rightarrow abc\ne0\Rightarrow a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3=a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=-\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Mà \(3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\) chia hết cho 3 nên \(-\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\) chia hết cho 3
Nên \(a^3+b^3+c^3\) chia hết cho 3