Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
\(N=\frac{a}{1+b^2c}+\frac{b}{1+c^2d}+\frac{c}{1+d^2a}+\frac{d}{1+a^2b}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có:
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2c}=a-\frac{ab^2c}{1+b^2c}\)
\(\ge a-\frac{ab^2c}{2b\sqrt{c}}=a-\frac{ab\sqrt{c}}{2}=a-\frac{b\sqrt{ac}\sqrt{a}}{2}\)
\(\ge a-\frac{b\left(ac+c\right)}{4}\).Suy ra \(\frac{a}{1+b^2c}\ge a-\frac{1}{4}\cdot\left(ab+abc\right)\)
Tương tự ta có:
\(\frac{b}{a+c^2d}\ge b-\frac{1}{4}\left(bc+bcd\right)\)
\(\frac{c}{1+d^2a}\ge c-\frac{1}{4}\left(cd+cda\right)\)
\(\frac{d}{1+a^2b}\ge d-\frac{1}{4}\left(da+dab\right)\)
Do đó: \(S=\frac{a}{1+b^2c}+\frac{b}{1+c^2d}+\frac{c}{1+d^2a}+\frac{d}{1+a^2b}\)
\(\ge a+b+c+d-\frac{1}{4}\left(ab+bc+cd+da+abc+bcd+cda+dab\right)\)
\(=4-\frac{1}{4}\left(ab+bc+cd+da+abc+bcd+cda+dab\right)\)
Ta có:
\(ab+bc+cd+da\le\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2=4\)
\(abc+bcd+cda+dab\le\frac{1}{16}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^3=4\)
nên \(S\ge4-\frac{1}{4}\cdot\left(4+4\right)=2\)(Đpcm)
Dấu = khi \(a=b=c=d=1\)
Cho a ,b ,c ,d > 0 Chứng minh rằng : \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge2\)
Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{1}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\) với a , b > 0 ta có :
\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{c}{d+a}=\frac{a\left(d+a\right)+c\left(b+c\right)}{\left(b+c\right)\left(d+a\right)}=\frac{ad+a^2+bc+c^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(d+a\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(ad+a^2+bc+c^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\) ( 1 )
\(\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}=\frac{b\left(a+b\right)+d\left(c+d\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)}=\frac{ab+b^2+cd+d^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(ab+b^2+cd+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\) ( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) cộng theo từng vế:
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{4\left(ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)
Cần chứng minh rằng \(\frac{\left(ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2ab+2bc+2cd+2ad+2a^2+2b^2+2c^2+2d^2\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2ab+2ac+2ad+2bc+2cd+2bd\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\ge2ac+2bd\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-2ac+c^2+b^2-2bd+d^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2\ge0\left(đpcm\right)\)
Vậy \(\frac{ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{4\left(ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\ge2\)
Vì \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{4\left(ab+bc+cd+ad+a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)
Vậy \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge2\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy Schwarz dạng Engel và BĐT AM - GM ta có :
\(M=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{bc+bd}+\frac{c^2}{cd+ac}+\frac{d^2}{ad+bd}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{ad+bc+cd+ab+2ac+2bd}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{\left(2ad+2bc+2cd+2ab+2ac+2bd\right)+2ac+2bd}\)
\(\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{\left(2ad+2bc+2cd+2ab+2ac+2bd\right)+a^2+b^2+c^2+^2}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c = d
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
Cho a ,b ,c ,d > 0 Chứng minh rằng : \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge2\)
Áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopxki cho 2 bộ số \(\left(\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{b+c};\sqrt{b}.\sqrt{d+c};\sqrt{c}.\sqrt{d+a};\sqrt{d}.\sqrt{a+b}\right)\)
và \(\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b+c}};\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{d+c}};\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{d+a}};\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{a+b}}\right)\), ta được:
\(\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(d+c\right)+c\left(d+a\right)+d\left(a+b\right)\right]\)\(\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{d+c}+\frac{c}{a+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}\right)\)\(\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{d+c}+\frac{c}{a+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}\)\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{ab+ac+bd+bc+cd+ac+ad+bd}\)(1)
Ta có \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge2\left(ab+ac+bc+bd+cd+ac+ad+bd\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Do đó: \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\ge2\left(ab+ac+bc+bd+cd+ac+ad+bd\right)\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra ĐPCM
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c=d
Áp dụng BĐT : \(\frac{1}{xy}\ge\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)với x,y > 0
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{c}{d+a}=\frac{a^2+ad+bc+c^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+d\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(a^2+ad+bc+c^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)
Tương tự : \(\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{4\left(b^2+ab+cd+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a}+\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ad+bc+ab+cd\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)
Cần chứng minh : \(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ad+bc+ab+cd}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ad+bc+ab+cd\right)\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = c ; b = d
Vậy ....
\(VT^2\ge\left(1+1+1+1\right)\left(\frac{a}{b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a+b}+\frac{d}{b+a+c}\right)\ge4.1=4\)
=> VT >/ 2
Dễ CM được \(\frac{a}{b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a+b}+\frac{d}{b+a+c}\ge1\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c+d}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{c+d+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{d+a+b}}+\sqrt{\frac{d}{a+b+c}}\)
\(=\frac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c+d\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b\left(c+d+a\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c\left(d+a+b\right)}}+\frac{d}{\sqrt{d\left(a+b+c\right)}}\)
\(\ge\frac{a}{\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}}+\frac{b}{\frac{b+c+d+a}{2}}+\frac{c}{\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}}+\frac{d}{\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}}=2\)
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi a = b + c+ d
b = c+d+a
c = b+a+d
d = a+b+c
Hình như ko có a ; b; c ;d
Ta có: \(\frac{a^4}{c}+\frac{b^4}{d}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{c+d}=\frac{1}{c+d}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(\frac{a^2}{c}=\frac{b^2}{d}\)
Do đó: \(VT=\frac{a^2}{c}+\frac{b}{d^2}=\frac{d^2}{b}+\frac{b}{d^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{d^2}{b}.\frac{b}{d^2}}=2\)
Xét \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}-\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-b\)
Tương tự, ta được: \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}-\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}=b-c\); \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}-\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}=c-a\)
Cộng theo vế của 3 đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\left(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)\)\(-\left(\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)\(=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)
Ta đi chứng minh BĐT phụ sau: \(a^2-ab+b^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*
\(\Rightarrow2LHS=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\)\(\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{1}{3}\text{}\Sigma_{cyc}\left[\left(a+b\right)\right]=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow LHS\ge\frac{a+b+c}{3}=RHS\)(Q.E.D)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
P/S: Có thể dùng BĐT phụ ở câu 3a để chứng minhxD:
1) ta chứng minh được \(\Sigma\frac{a^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=\Sigma\frac{b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
\(VT=\frac{1}{2}\Sigma\frac{a^4+b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{4}\Sigma\frac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{8}\Sigma\left(a+b\right)=\frac{a+b+c+d}{4}\)
bài 2 xem có ghi nhầm ko
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}+\frac{1}{d^2+1}\)
= \(\left(1-\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}\right)+\left(1-\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}\right)+\left(1-\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}\right)+\left(1-\frac{d^2}{d^2+1}\right)\)
= \(4-\left(\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}+\frac{d^2}{d^2+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng Cô - si:
\(a^2+1\ge2\sqrt{a^2.1}=2a\) <=> \(\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}\le\frac{a}{2}\)
Tương tự => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}\le\frac{b}{2}\\\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}\le\frac{c}{2}\\\frac{d^2}{d^2+1}\le\frac{d}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(4-\left(\frac{a^2}{a^2+1}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+1}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+1}+\frac{d^2}{d^2+1}\right)\)
\(\ge4-\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}=2\)
có rất nhiều cách ngắn bn ạ, quan trọng mình làm bn hiểu ko thôi, cho biết lớp của bn để mk xài cách ngắn nhất mà hiệu quả nhất
Ko mất tính tổng quát !! giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\ge d\)
Từ đó suy ra
\(2a\ge b+c\Leftrightarrow2\ge\frac{b+c}{a}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\le\frac{a}{b+c}\left(1\right)\)
CM tương tự ta cx có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b}{c+d}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(2\right)\\\frac{c}{d+a}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(3\right)\\\frac{d}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(4\right)\end{cases}}\)
Cộng \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right);\left(3\right);\left(4\right)\)lại ta đc đpcm
Từ đó xét tiếp các trường hợp \(a\ge c\ge b\ge d;c\ge a\ge b\ge d....\) ta cx đc đpcm