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a) Sai với \(a=1,b=2\)
b)
Thực hiện biến đổi tương đương:
\(\frac{a}{3b}+\frac{b(a+b)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\geq 1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a}{3b}+\frac{b(a+b)+a^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}-\frac{a^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}\geq 1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a}{3b}-\frac{a^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{3b}-\frac{a}{a^2+ab+b^2}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^2+ab+b^2-3ab}{3b(a^2+ab+b^2)}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{(a-b)^2}{3b(a^2+ab+b^2)}\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó ta có đpcm. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b$
c) BĐT sai với \(a=1,b=2\)
Bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương với:
\(\dfrac{a}{a+3\sqrt{bc}}+\dfrac{b}{b+3\sqrt{ca}}+\dfrac{c}{c+3\sqrt{ab}}\)
Ta áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô si dạng \(2\sqrt{xy}\le x+y\) cho các căn thức ở mẫu, khi đó ta được:
\(\dfrac{a}{a+3\sqrt{bc}}+\dfrac{b}{b+3\sqrt{ca}}+\dfrac{c}{c+3\sqrt{ab}}\ge\) với biểu thức
\(\dfrac{2a}{2a+3b+3c}+\dfrac{2b}{3a+2b+3c}+\dfrac{2c}{3a+3b+2c}\)
Khi đó ta cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{2a}{2a+3b+3c}+\dfrac{2b}{3a+2b+3c}+\dfrac{2c}{3a+3b+2c}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Đặt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2a+3b+3c\\y=3a+2b+3c\\z=3a+3b+2c\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(3y+3z-5x\right)\\2b=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(3z+3x-5y\right)\\2c=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(3x+3y-5z\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó đẳng thức trên được viết lại thành:
\(\dfrac{3y+3z-5x}{4x}+\dfrac{3z+3x-5y}{4y}+\dfrac{3x+3y-5z}{4z}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Hay: \(3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)-15\ge3\)
Bất đẳng thức cuối cùng luôn đúng theo bất đẳng thức Cô si.
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh. Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c\)
Đặt \(x=\sqrt{a};y=\sqrt{b};z=\sqrt{c}\)
Khi đó bđt đã tro chở thành:
\(\dfrac{yz}{x^2+3yz}+\dfrac{zx}{y^2+3zx}+\dfrac{xy}{z^2+3xy}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{yz}{x^2+3yz}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{zx}{y^2+3zx}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{xy}{z^2+3xy}\ge1-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{x^2+3yz}+\dfrac{y^2}{y^2+3zx}+\dfrac{z^2}{z^2+3xy}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\) (đpcm)
Chứng minh : \(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\ge3\left(x^3y+y^3z+z^3x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\left(x^2-y^2-xy-xz+2yz\right)^2+\left(y^2-z^2-yz-xy+2xz\right)^2+\left(z^2-x^2-xz-yz+2xy\right)^2\right)\ge0\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{ab+1}=a-\dfrac{a^2b}{ab+1}\ge a-\dfrac{a^2b}{2\sqrt{ab}}=a-\dfrac{\sqrt{a^3b}}{2}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{b}{bc+1}\ge b-\dfrac{\sqrt{b^3c}}{2};\dfrac{c}{ca+1}\ge c-\dfrac{\sqrt{c^3a}}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge3-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{a^3b}+\sqrt{b^3c}+\sqrt{c^3a}\right)\ge3-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Shwarz dạng Engel và AM - GM có:
\(\dfrac{a^5}{bc}+\dfrac{b^5}{ca}+\dfrac{c^5}{ab}=\dfrac{a^6}{abc}+\dfrac{b^6}{abc}+\dfrac{c^6}{abc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)^2}{3abc}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3}=a^3+b^3+c^3\)
Dấu " = " khi a = b = c = 1
Vậy...
Lời giải khác:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{a^5}{bc}+abc\geq 2\sqrt{a^6}=2a^3\\ \frac{b^5}{ac}+abc\geq 2\sqrt{b^6}=2b^3\\ \frac{c^5}{ab}+abc\geq 2\sqrt{c^6}=2c^3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \frac{a^5}{bc}+\frac{b^5}{ac}+\frac{c^5}{ab}\geq 2(a^3+b^3+c^3)-3abc\)
Mặt khác, cũng theo BĐT AM-GM:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3\geq 3abc\Rightarrow 2(a^3+b^3+c^3)-3abc\geq a^3+b^3+c^3\)
Kéo theo \(\frac{a^5}{bc}+\frac{b^5}{ac}+\frac{c^5}{ab}\geq a^3+b^3+c^3\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Lời giải:
Do $a+b+c=1$ nên:
\(\text{VT}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c(a+b+c)+ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a(a+b+c)+bc}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b(a+b+c)+ac}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{(c+a)(c+b)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{(a+b)(a+c)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{(b+c)(b+a)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{(c+a)(c+b)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{(a+b)(a+c)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{(b+c)(b+a)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$
Ta chứng minh được:
\(\left(\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ca}{b}\right)^2\ge3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
Thật vậy, bđt đúng với \(\left(\dfrac{ab}{c};\dfrac{bc}{a};\dfrac{ca}{b}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\)
\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x=y=z=> BĐT cần chứng minh xảy ra dấu bằng khi a=b=c
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ca}{b}\ge3\)
ta có \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\Leftrightarrow1\ge\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)
a) theo bđt cauchy schwarz ta có
\(\dfrac{a^3b^3}{c}+\dfrac{b^3c^3}{a}+\dfrac{c^3a^3}{b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^6b^6c^6}{abc}}=3\dfrac{a^2b^2c^2}{\sqrt[3]{abc}.1}\ge3\dfrac{a^2b^2c^2}{\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3c^3}}=3abc\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b+c}{4bc}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^2c\left(b+c\right)}{8a^3\left(b+c\right)b^2c}}=\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{c+a}{4ca}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^2a\left(c+a\right)}{8b^3\left(c+a\right)c^2a}}=\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{4ab}+\dfrac{1}{2a}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^2b\left(a+b\right)}{8c^3\left(a+b\right)a^2b}}=\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{2a}\ge\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{3}{4b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{3}{4c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{3}{4a}\ge\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ( đpcm )
a) ta có
\(3\left(a+b+c\right)=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=a^3+b^3+c^3+a^2b+ab^2+b^2c+bc^2+a^2c+ac^2\)
\(=\left(a^3+ab^2\right)+\left(b^3+bc^2\right)+\left(c^3+ca^2\right)+a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có
\(a^3+ab^2\ge2a^2b\) ; \(b^3+bc^2\ge2b^2c\) ; \(c^3+ca^2\ge2c^2a\)
\(\left(a^3+ab^2\right)+\left(b^3+bc^2\right)+\left(c^3+ca^2\right)+a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\ge3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\)\(\Rightarrow3\left(a+b+c\right)\ge3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\) (1)
Áp dụng BĐT C.B.S ta có
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\le3\) (2)
từ (1) và (2) ta được đpcm
b) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có :
\(ab\le\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}=\dfrac{3-c^2}{2}\) tương tự
\(bc\le\dfrac{3-a^2}{2}\) ; \(ac\le\dfrac{3-b^2}{2}\)
BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành :
\(\dfrac{3-a^2}{2\left(3+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{3-b^2}{2\left(3+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{3-c^2}{2\left(3+c^2\right)}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Ta chứng minh BĐT phụ sau
\(\dfrac{3-c^2}{2\left(3+c^2\right)}\le\dfrac{c^2}{4}\)\(\Leftrightarrow12-4c^2\le2c^2\left(3+c^2\right)\Leftrightarrow c^4+5c^2+6\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c^2+2\right)\left(c^2+3\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
tương tự : \(\dfrac{3-a^2}{2\left(3+c^2\right)}\le\dfrac{a^2}{4}\) ; \(\dfrac{3-b^2}{2\left(3+b^2\right)}\le\dfrac{b^2}{4}\)
Cộng Ba vế BĐT trên lại ta có:
\(\dfrac{3-a^2}{2\left(3+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{3-b^2}{2\left(3+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{3-c^2}{2\left(3+c^2\right)}\le\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Vậy ta có đpcm
\(VT=\dfrac{a}{b\left(b^2+a\right)}+\dfrac{b}{c\left(c^2+b\right)}+\dfrac{c}{a\left(a^2+c\right)}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{a+b^2-b^2}{b\left(b^2+a\right)}+\dfrac{b+c^2-c^2}{c\left(c^2+b\right)}+\dfrac{c+a^2-a^2}{a\left(a^2+c\right)}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{b}{b^2+a}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{c}{c^2+b}+\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{a}{a^2+c}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\left(\dfrac{b}{b^2+a}+\dfrac{c}{c^2+b}+\dfrac{a}{a^2+c}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{b^2+a}\le\dfrac{b}{2b\sqrt{a}}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{a}}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại tao có
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a}+1}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{b}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{b}+1}{2};\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{c}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{c}+1}{2}\)
Thu lại ta có
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+3}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)-\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}.\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}-\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)