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Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+b}=\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{b+c}=\dfrac{4}{b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{c+a}=\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn suy ra đpcm
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Bài 1:
Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}.\dfrac{b+c}{4}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{4}}=a\) (1)
Chứng minh tương tự:
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge b\) (2)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge c\) (3)
Từ (1), (2) và (3) suy ra:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge a+b+c\)
Bài 2:
Theo bđt Cauchy ta có:
\(1+\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{a+1}{a}=\dfrac{2a+b+c}{a}\ge\dfrac{2a+2\sqrt{bc}}{a}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+\sqrt{bc}\right)}{a}\ge\dfrac{4\sqrt{a\sqrt{bc}}}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{bc}{a^2}}\)
Chứng minh tương tự:
\(1+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{ca}{b^2}}\)
\(1+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{ab}{c^2}}\)
Nhân vế theo vế 3 bđt trên ta được:
\(\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge4^3\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{\left(abc\right)^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge64\left(dpcm\right)\)
1) Đặt T là vế trái của BĐT
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và AM-GM, ta có:
\(T=\dfrac{x^4}{xy}+\dfrac{y^4}{yz}+\dfrac{z^4}{xz}\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{xy+yz+xz}\ge\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=1\)
Vậy ta có đpcm.Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
3)b) Đặt T là vế trái, áp dụng AM-GM ta có:
\(b+c=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge\left(b+c\right)4a\left(b+c\right)=4a\left(b+c\right)^2\ge16abc\)
Ta có BĐT : \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{4}{a+b}\) ( \(a,b>0\) )
\(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\text{≥}\dfrac{4}{b+c}\left(b;c>0\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}\text{≥}\dfrac{4}{a+c}\left(a;c>0\right)\)
Cộng từng vế của các BĐT trên , ta có :
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\text{≥}\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{a+c}\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\text{≥}\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{a+c}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{\left ( \frac{a}{bc} \right )^2}{\frac{1}{c}}+\frac{\left ( \frac{b}{ca} \right )^2}{\frac{1}{a}}+\frac{\left ( \frac{c}{ab} \right )^2}{\frac{1}{b}}\geq \frac{\left ( \frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ac}+\frac{c}{ab} \right )^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{\left ( \frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc} \right )^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}\)
Theo hệ quả của BĐT AM-GM thì:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\geq ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{\left ( \frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc} \right )^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}=\frac{\left ( \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c} \right )^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Áp dụngk BĐt cô-si, ta có
\(\frac{a^2}{b^2c}+\frac{b^2}{c^2a}+\frac{1}{a}\ge3.\frac{1}{c}\)
Tương tự , rồi cộng vào, ta có
\(2A+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\Rightarrow A\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
^_^
\(2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{4}{b+c}+\frac{4}{c+a}\) ( Svac-xơ, Cauchy các kiểu -,- )
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{4}{b+c}+\frac{4}{c+a}}{2}=\frac{2}{a+b}+\frac{2}{b+c}+\frac{2}{c+a}\) ( đpcm )
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\(2VP=\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{4}{b+c}+\frac{4}{c+a}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}=2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=2VT\)
Từ đây,ta có: \(2VT\ge2VP\Rightarrow VT\ge VP^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)