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a) Giải
Ta có: \(S=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{2012}}+\dfrac{1}{2^{2013}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2S=\dfrac{2}{2}+\dfrac{2}{2^2}+\dfrac{2}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{2}{2^{2012}}+\dfrac{2}{2^{2013}}\)
\(2S=1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{2011}}+\dfrac{1}{2^{2012}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2S-S=1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{2011}}+\dfrac{1}{2^{2012}}-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2^2}-\dfrac{1}{2^3}-...-\dfrac{1}{2^{2012}}-\dfrac{1}{2^{2013}}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=1-\dfrac{1}{2^{2013}}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\dfrac{2^{2013}-1}{2^{2013}}\)
b) Giải
Từ \(A=\dfrac{2011^{2012}+1}{2011^{2013}+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow2011A=\dfrac{2011^{2013}+20111}{2011^{2013}+1}=\dfrac{2011^{2013}+1+2010}{2011^{2013}+1}=1+\dfrac{2010}{2011^{2013}+1}\)
Từ \(B=\dfrac{2011^{2013}+1}{2011^{2014}+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow2011B=\dfrac{2011^{2014}+2011}{2011^{2014}+1}=\dfrac{2011^{2014}+1+2010}{2011^{2014}+1}=1+\dfrac{2010}{2011^{2014}+1}\)
Vì 20112013 + 1 < 20112014 + 1 và 2010 > 0
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2010}{2011^{2013}+1}>\dfrac{2010}{2011^{2014}+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow2011A>2011B\)
\(\Rightarrow A>B\)
Vậy A > B.
1/ \(B=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{8^2}\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{7.8}\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{8}< 1\)
\(B< 1\)
2/ \(B=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)...\left(1-\dfrac{1}{20}\right)\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{19}{20}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1\times2\times3\times...\times19}{2\times3\times4\times...\times20}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{20}\)
3/ \(A=\dfrac{7}{4}\cdot\left(\dfrac{3333}{1212}+\dfrac{3333}{2020}+\dfrac{3333}{3030}+\dfrac{3333}{4242}\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{7}{4}\cdot\left(\dfrac{33}{12}+\dfrac{33}{20}+\dfrac{33}{30}+\dfrac{33}{42}\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{7}{4}\cdot\left(\dfrac{33}{3.4}+\dfrac{33}{4.5}+\dfrac{33}{5.6}+\dfrac{33}{6.7}\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{7}{4}.33.\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{7}\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{231}{4}.\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{231}{4}\cdot\dfrac{4}{21}\)
\(A=11\)
4/ A phải là \(\dfrac{2011+2012}{2012+2013}\)
Ta có : \(B=\dfrac{2011}{2012}+\dfrac{2012}{2013}>\dfrac{2011}{2013}+\dfrac{2012}{2013}=\dfrac{2011+2012}{2013}>\dfrac{2011+2012}{2012+2013}=A\)
\(\Rightarrow B>A\)
Bài 1)
Ta có:
A = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+\dfrac{1}{7^2}+\dfrac{1}{8^2}\)
A < \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{4.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+\dfrac{1}{6.7}+\dfrac{1}{7.8}\)
A < \(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{7}+\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{8}\)
A < \(1-\dfrac{1}{8}\) = \(\dfrac{7}{8}\) < 1
Vậy A < 1
Bài 2)
Ta thấy:
\(\dfrac{2011}{2012+2013}< \dfrac{2011}{2012};\dfrac{2012}{2012+2013}< \dfrac{2012}{2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{2011}{2012+2013}+\dfrac{2012}{2012+2013}< \dfrac{2011}{2012}+\dfrac{2012}{2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{2011+2012}{2012+2013}< \dfrac{2011}{2012}+\dfrac{2012}{2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) A < B
Bài 3)
Ta có:
B = \(\left(1-\dfrac{1}{1}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}\right).\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)......\left(1-\dfrac{1}{20}\right)\)
= \(0.\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)......\left(1-\dfrac{1}{20}\right)\)
= 0
Bài 3)
Ta có:
A = \(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+.....+\dfrac{1}{2^{2012}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) 2A = \(2\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+.....+\dfrac{1}{2^{2012}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\) 2A = \(2+1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+.....+\dfrac{1}{2^{2011}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) 2A - A = \(\left(2+1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+.....+\dfrac{1}{2^{2011}}\right)\)-\(\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+.....+\dfrac{1}{2^{2012}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\) A = 2 - \(\dfrac{1}{2^{2012}}\) = \(\dfrac{2^{2013}-1}{2^{2012}}\)
Bài 5)
\(\pi\) + 5 \(⋮\) \(\pi\) - 2
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\pi\) - 2 + 7 \(⋮\) \(\pi\) - 2
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 7 \(⋮\) \(\pi\) - 2 (vì \(\pi\) - 2 \(⋮\) \(\pi\) - 2)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\pi\) - 2 \(\in\) Ư(7)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\pi\) - 2 \(\in\) \(\left\{\pm1;\pm7\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\pi\) \(\in\) \(\left\{1;3;-5;9\right\}\)
Giải
Ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2};\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3};\dfrac{1}{4^2}< \dfrac{1}{3.4};...;\dfrac{1}{20^2}< \dfrac{1}{19.20}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)D < \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{19.20}\)
Nhận xét: \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}=1-\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2.3}=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3};\dfrac{1}{3.4}=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4};...;\dfrac{1}{19.20}=\dfrac{1}{19}-\dfrac{1}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) D< 1- \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{19}-\dfrac{1}{20}\)
D< 1 - \(\dfrac{1}{20}\)
D< \(\dfrac{19}{20}\)<1
\(\Rightarrow\)D< 1
Vậy D=\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{5^2}\)<1
A=\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\)
A=\(\dfrac{1}{2^2.1}+\dfrac{1}{2^2.2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2.2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50^2.2^2}\)
A=\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50^2}\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{50.50}\right)\)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{2.2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2};\dfrac{1}{3.3}< \dfrac{1}{2.3};\dfrac{1}{4.4}< \dfrac{1}{3.4};...;\dfrac{1}{50.50}< \dfrac{1}{49.50}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{49.50}\right)\)Nhận xét :
\(\dfrac{1}{1.2}< 1-\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2.3}< \dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3};...;\dfrac{1}{49.50}< \dfrac{1}{49}-\dfrac{1}{50}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}-\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)
A<\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)
A<\(\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{49}{50}\)<1
A<\(\dfrac{49}{200}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{2}{3!}+\dfrac{3}{4!}+...+\dfrac{2013}{2014!}\)
\(=\dfrac{2-1}{2!}+\dfrac{3-1}{3!}+\dfrac{4-1}{4!}+...+\dfrac{2014-1}{2014!}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{2!}-\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{3}{3!}-\dfrac{1}{3!}+...+\dfrac{2014}{2014!}-\dfrac{1}{2014!}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{1!}-\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{1}{2!}-\dfrac{1}{3!}+...+\dfrac{1}{2013!}-\dfrac{1}{2014!}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{1!}-\dfrac{1}{2014!}=1-\dfrac{1}{2014!}\)
Do \(1-\dfrac{1}{2014!}< 1\) Nên \(A< 1\)
Vậy \(A=\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{2}{3!}+\dfrac{3}{4!}+...+\dfrac{2013}{2014!}< 1\) (Đpcm)
Đặt \(B=\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2007\cdot2008}\)
Ta có:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2008^2}< \)\(B=\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2007\cdot2008}\left(1\right)\)
Lại có: \(B=\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2007\cdot2008}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2007}-\dfrac{1}{2008}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{2008}< 1\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\) ta có \(A< B< 1\Rightarrow A< 1\)
A=\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+....+\dfrac{1}{2008^2}\)
A<\(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2007.2008}\)
A<\(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2007}-\dfrac{1}{2008}\)
A<\(1-\dfrac{1}{2008}\)
A<\(\dfrac{2007}{2008}< 1\)
=> A<1
Vậy A<1
\(A=\dfrac{2013}{1}+\dfrac{2012}{2}+\dfrac{2011}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2013}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{2012}{2}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{2011}{3}+1\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{1}{2013}+1\right)+1\)
\(=\dfrac{2014}{2}+\dfrac{2014}{3}+...+\dfrac{2014}{2013}+\dfrac{2014}{2014}\)
\(=2014\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2013}+\dfrac{1}{2014}\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{2013}{2}+\dfrac{2013}{3}+...+\dfrac{2013}{2014}=2013\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2014}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{P}{A}=\dfrac{2013\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2014}\right)}{2014\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2014}\right)}=\dfrac{2013}{2014}\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{P}{A}=\dfrac{2013}{2014}\)
a) \(2^x+2^{x+1}+2^{x+2}+2^{x+3}=480\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(2^x+2^x.2+2^x.2^2+2^x.2^3=480\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2^x\left(1+2+2^2+2^3\right)=480\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2^x\left(1+2+4+8\right)=480\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2^x.15=480\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(2^x=480:15\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2^x=32\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x=2^5\)
\(\Rightarrow x=5\)
Vậy x = 5.
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}=1-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
...
\(\dfrac{1}{2013^2}< \dfrac{1}{2012\cdot2013}=\dfrac{1}{2012}-\dfrac{1}{2013}\)
Do đó: \(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2012^2}+\dfrac{1}{2013^2}< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2012}-\dfrac{1}{2013}\)
=>\(A< 1-\dfrac{1}{2013}< 1\)
thanks nguyễn lê phước thịnh ;)