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Đẳng thức quen thuộc: \(a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\) và tương tự cho các mẫu số còn lại
Ta có:
\(\sum\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}=\sum\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
Mặt khác:
\(2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\ge\left(a\sqrt{b+c}+b\sqrt{c+a}+c\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2\) (Bunhiacopxki)
\(\Rightarrow\sum\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(a\sqrt{b+c}+b\sqrt{c+a}+c\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\right)^2\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đúng theo AM-GM:
\(\sum\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\sum\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Đề sai rồi: a,b,c > 0 thì làm sao mà có: ab + bc + ca = 0 được.
Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x};\dfrac{1}{y};\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{z+x}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)
đặt ab=x, bc=y, ac=z
suy ra \(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
pt thanh nhân tử \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xz-xy-yz\right)=0\)
do x,y,z>0suy ra x+y+z>0
nên suy ra \(x^2+y^2+z^2-xz-yz-xy=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xz-2xy-2yz=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\)
suy ra x=y=z
thế vào pt ta có dpcm
\(A=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a-b\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(b-c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{8}\left(c-a\right)^2\\ =3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{2}+\dfrac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{8}\)
Áp dụng BDT: Cô-si dạng Engel:
\(\Rightarrow A=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{2}+\dfrac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{8}\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+\dfrac{\left(a-b+b-c+c-a\right)^2}{2+4+8}=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(\text{Ta lại có: }ab+bc+ac\le a^2+b^2+c^2\\ \Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\le a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\le\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3^2=9\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\Rightarrow A\le9\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b=c\\a+b+c=3\\\dfrac{a-b}{2}+\dfrac{b-c}{4}+\dfrac{c-a}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=1\\c=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Vậy \(A_{Max}=9\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Fix đề: Cho a,b,c không âm. Chứng minh \(\dfrac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{4}{ab+bc+ca}\)
Dự đoán điểm rơi sẽ có 1 số bằng 0.
Giả sử \(c=min\left\{a,b,c\right\}\) ( c là số nhỏ nhất trong 3 số) thì \(c\ge0\)
do đó \(ab+bc+ca\ge ab\) và \(\dfrac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{b^2};\dfrac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{\left(a-c\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{a^2}\)
BDT cần chứng minh tương đương
\(ab\left[\dfrac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\right]\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{ab}\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab}+2\ge4\)
BĐT trên hiển nhiên đúng theo AM-GM.
Do đó ta có đpcm. Dấu = xảy ra khi c=0 , \(\left(a-b\right)^2=a^2b^2\) ( và các hoán vị )
\(\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{abc}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{b^3\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{ac}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a^2bc\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a^2c^2}{ab^2c\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{a^2b^2}{abc^2\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(Cauchy-Schwarz:\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(bc+ac+ab\right)^2}{abc\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(a+c\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(bc+ac+ab\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
\(AM-GM:\)
\(ab+bc+ca\ge\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Lời giải khác:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{1}{a^3(b+c)}+\frac{a(b+c)}{4}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4a^2}}=\frac{1}{a}=\frac{abc}{a}=bc\)
\(\frac{1}{b^3(a+c)}+\frac{b(a+c)}{4}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4b^2}}=\frac{1}{b}=\frac{abc}{b}=ac\)
\(\frac{1}{c^3(a+b)}+\frac{c(a+b)}{4}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4c^2}}=\frac{1}{c}=\frac{abc}{c}=ab\)
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a^3(b+c)}+\frac{1}{b^3(a+c)}+\frac{1}{c^3(a+b)}+\frac{ab+bc+ac}{2}\ge ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a^3(b+c)}+\frac{1}{b^3(a+c)}+\frac{1}{c^3(a+b)}\geq \frac{ab+bc+ac}{2}\geq \frac{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) (AM_GM)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$