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1) Theo bđt AM-GM,ta có: \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b+c}.\frac{b+c}{4}}=a\)
Suy ra \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}\ge a-\frac{b+c}{4}\)
Thiết lập hai BĐT còn lại tương tự và cộng theo vế ta có đpcm
Ta có: \(VT=\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{bc+ca}+\frac{c^2}{ca+cb}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Mà \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\RightarrowĐPCM\)
Đặt \(f\left(a,b,c\right)=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)và \(t=\frac{a+b}{2}\)
Khi đó thì \(f\left(t,t,c\right)=\frac{t}{t+c}+\frac{t}{t+c}+\frac{c}{2t}=\frac{2t}{t+c}+\frac{c}{2t}\)
Ta có: \(f\left(a,b,c\right)=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}{c^2+ab+c\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)\(=\frac{4\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4c\left(a+b\right)}{4c^2+4ab+4c\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\ge\frac{2\left(a+b\right)^2+4c\left(a+b\right)}{4c^2+\left(a+b\right)^2+4c\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)\(=\frac{8t^2+8tc}{4c^2+4t^2+8tc}+\frac{c}{2t}\)
\(=\frac{2t^2+2tc}{c^2+t^2+2tc}+\frac{c}{2t}=\frac{2t\left(t+c\right)}{\left(t+c\right)^2}+\frac{c}{2t}\)\(=\frac{2t}{t+c}+\frac{c}{2t}=f\left(t,t,c\right)\)
Do đó \(f\left(a,b,c\right)\ge f\left(t,t,c\right)\)
Ta cần chứng minh: \(f\left(t,t,c\right)=\frac{2t}{t+c}+\frac{c}{2t}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(t-c\right)^2}{2t\left(t+c\right)}\ge0\)(đúng)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy – Schwarz, ta được:
\(\frac{a^3}{b+c}+\frac{b^3}{a+c}+\frac{c^3}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{b+c+a+c+a+b}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2}\ge\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
ミ★长 - ƔξŦ★彡vãi cả cauchy-schwarz cho bậc 3: \("\frac{a^3}{b+c}+\frac{b^3}{c+a}+\frac{c^3}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{b+c+c+a+a+b}\)
Thiết nghĩ nên sửa đề \(a,b,c>0\) thôi chứ là gì có d? Mà nếu a >b >c > d > 0 thì liệu dấu = có xảy ra?
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Scwarz ta có: \(LHS\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
a.
\(A=\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}=\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{2ab}\right)+\frac{1}{2ab}\)
\(\ge\frac{4}{a^2+2ab+b^2}+\frac{1}{2ab}\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}}=6\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
b.
\(B=\frac{2}{ab}+\frac{3}{a^2+b^2}=3\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{2ab}\right)+\frac{1}{2ab}\)
\(\ge3\cdot\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}}=14\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
c.
Ta có:
\(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\) với mọi x,y
Áp dụng ta có:
\(C=\left(a+\frac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(b+\frac{1}{a}\right)^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^2}{2}\ge\frac{\left(1+\frac{4}{a+b}\right)^2}{2}=\frac{25}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
2.
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki ta có:
\(\left[\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}\right)^2\right]\left[\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{b}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2\right]\ge\left(\sqrt{x}\cdot\frac{a}{\sqrt{x}}+\sqrt{y}\cdot\frac{b}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\)
Áp dụng nó ta chứng minh được:
\(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
Áp dụng vào bài làm:
\(D=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{a^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\frac{c^2}{ca+bc}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+ca+bc+ab+ca+bc}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Theo BĐT AM - GM, ta có: \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2ab}=a-\frac{b}{2}\)(1)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}\ge b-\frac{c}{2}\)(2) ; \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\ge c-\frac{a}{2}\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\ge\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)\(=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
1.
\(P=\frac{a^4}{abc}+\frac{b^4}{abc}+\frac{c^4}{abc}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3abc}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(P\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right).3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}}{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a+b+c}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c\)
2.
\(P=\sum\frac{a^2}{ab+2ac+3ad}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4.\frac{3}{8}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}=\frac{2}{3}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=d\)