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\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^4-a^3+ab+2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^4-b^3+bc+2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^4-c^3+ca+2}}\)\(\left(a,b,c>0\right)\).
Với \(a,b>0\), ta có:
\(\left(a-1\right)^2\left(a^2+a+1\right)\ge0\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^3-1\right)\left(a-1\right)\ge0\).
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4-a^3-a+1\ge0\).
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4-a^3+1\ge a\).
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4-a^3+ab+2\ge ab+a+1\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a^4-a^3+ab+2}\ge\sqrt{ab+a+1}\).
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^4-a^3+ab+2}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab+a+1}}\left(1\right)\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a-1=0\Leftrightarrow a=1\).
Chứng minh tương tự (với \(b,c>0\)), ta được:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^4-b^3+bc+2}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc+b+1}}\left(2\right)\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow b=1\).
Chứng minh tương tự (với \(a,c>0\)), ta được:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^4-c^3+ca+2}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca+a+1}}\left(3\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow c=1\).
Từ \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right)\), ta được:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^4-a^3+ab+2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^4-b^3+bc+2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^4-c^3+ca+2}}\)\(\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab+a+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc+b+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca+c+1}}\left(4\right)\).
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bu-nhi-a-cốp-xki cho 3 số, ta được:
\(\left(1.\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab+a+1}}+1.\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc+b+1}}+1.\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca+c+1}}\right)^2\)\(\le\)\(\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\)\(\left[\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{ab+a+1}\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{bc+b+1}\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{ca+c+1}\right)^2}\right]\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab+a+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc+b+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca+c+1}}\right)^2\)\(\le3\left(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{1}{ca+c+1}\right)\).
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{1}{ca+c+1}\)
\(=\frac{c}{abc+ac+c}+\frac{abc}{bc+b+abc}+\frac{1}{ca+c+1}\)(vì \(abc=1\)).
\(=\frac{c}{1+ac+c}+\frac{abc}{b\left(c+1+ac\right)}+\frac{1}{ca+c+1}\)(vì \(abc=1\)).
\(=\frac{c}{1+ac+c}+\frac{ac}{1+ac+c}+\frac{1}{1+ac+c}=1\).
Do đó:
\(\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab+a+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc+b+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca+c+1}}\right)^2\le3.1=3\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab+a+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc+b+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca+c+1}}\le\sqrt{3}\left(5\right)\).
Từ \(\left(4\right)\)và \(\left(5\right)\), ta được:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^4-a^3+ab+2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^4-b^3+bc+2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^4-c^3+ca+2}}\le\)\(\sqrt{3}\)(điều phải chứng minh).
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\).
Vậy \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^4-a^3+ab+2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^4-b^3+bc+2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^4-c^3+ca+2}}\)\(\le\sqrt{3}\)với \(a,b,c>0\)và \(abc=1\).
\(+2\)nhé, không phải \(-2\)đâu.
ta có:
\(c+ab=c.1+ab=c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab=ca+cb+c^2+ab=\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\)
tương tự như vậy thì \(P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
áp dụng bđt cô si ta có:
\(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}};\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{c+a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}};\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{b+c}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
Ta có \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)+abc\)
Mà \(abc\le\frac{1}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (AM-GM)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)+\frac{1}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{9}{8}\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge\sqrt{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}.\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^3\le\frac{81}{64}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có: \(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=1\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô si ta có
\(1=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge2\sqrt{ab}.2\sqrt{bc}.2\sqrt{ca}\)\(=8abc\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\le\frac{1}{8}\)
mặt khác: \(1=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\le\left(\frac{2a+2b+2c}{3}\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=\frac{1+abc}{a+b+c}\le\frac{1+\frac{1}{8}}{\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Ta có
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c+ab}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}}\)\(=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)\(=\sqrt{\frac{a}{c+a}}.\sqrt{\frac{b}{c+b}}\)\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}\right)\)
Tương tự, ta có
\(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a+bc}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b+ca}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{c+b}+\frac{a}{b+a}\right)}\)
Cộng vế theo vế của 3 bđt ta được đpcm
Ta có: \(\left(a^4-a^3+2\right)-\left(a+1\right)=\left(a-1\right)^2\left(a^2+a+1\right)\ge0\)\(\Rightarrow a^4-a^3+2\ge a+1\Leftrightarrow a^4-a^3+ab+2\ge ab+a+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^4-a^3+ab+2}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab+a+1}}\)
Tương tự:\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^4-b^3+bc+2}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc+b+1}}\); \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^4-c^3+ca+2}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca+c+1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab+a+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc+b+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca+c+1}}\)\(\le\sqrt{3\left(\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{1}{ca+c+1}\right)}\)\(\le\sqrt{3\left(\frac{c}{abc+ac+c}+\frac{ac}{abc^2+abc+ac}+\frac{1}{ca+c+1}\right)}\)\(\le\sqrt{3\left(\frac{c}{ac+c+1}+\frac{ac}{ac+c+1}+\frac{1}{ca+c+1}\right)}=\sqrt{3}\)(abc = 1)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Áp dụng bđt cô si ta có : \(a^2+bc\ge2\sqrt{a^2bc}=2a\sqrt{bc}\)\(< =>\frac{a}{a^2+bc}\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{bc}}\)
Tương tự và cộng theo vế ta được \(LHS\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}\right)\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh bđt phụ sau\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Ta thấy \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{xy}}< =>\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}\)
Áp dụng bđt phụ trên ta có \(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}\right)\le\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{abc}\le\frac{\frac{1}{2}abc}{abc}=\frac{1}{2}\)(đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(< =>a=b=c=3\)
bài này quan trọng là tìm đc cái bđt phụ đó thôi bạn
Áp dụng BĐT\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)
Ta Có \(\frac{a}{a^2+bc}\le\frac{a}{4}.\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{bc}\right)\) và \(a^2+b^2+c^2\le abc\)
\(=>\frac{a}{a^2+bc}\le\frac{1}{4}.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{a^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\right)\)
Tương tự các cái khác ta có
\(\frac{a}{a^2+bc}+\frac{b}{b^2+ac}+\frac{c}{c^2+ab}\le\frac{1}{4}.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+1\right)\)
Ta có \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}\le\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc}\le1\)
\(\frac{a}{a^2+bc}+\frac{b}{b^2+ac}+\frac{c}{c^2+ab}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(dpcm\right)\)Dấu = xảy ra <=> a=b=c=3 "_"
Học tốt
\(VT=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}}{2}\)
Tượng tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{a+b}}{2}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{a}{c+a}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+b}\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{c+a}{c+a}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta chứng minh:\(9\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge8\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Đặt vế 1 là A, vế 2 là B ta có A-B(khai triển tung tóe ra)=\(a^2b+ab^2+b^2c+bc^2+c^2a+ca^2-6abc\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2b-2abc+bc^2\right)+\left(b^2c-2abc+ca^2\right)+\left(c^2a-2abc+ab^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(b-\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\left(c-\sqrt{a}\right)^2\ge0\).Đúng nên ta có bất đẳng thức trên
Chuyển vế ta có:\(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{9\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{4\times2\times\left(a+b+c\right)}\le\frac{9}{4\times3\sqrt[3]{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}=\frac{9}{4\times3}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy ab+bc+ca nhỏ hơn hoặc băng 3/4. bấm đúng cho mình nha
đề thi chuyên toán ak. hình như là dùng bu nhi a cốp xki. e lớp 8 ko bít