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a/ Đặt :
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có :
\(VT=\dfrac{a-b}{a+b}=\dfrac{bk-b}{bk+b}=\dfrac{b\left(k-1\right)}{b\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k-1}{k+1}\)\(\left(1\right)\)
\(VP=\dfrac{c-d}{c+d}=\dfrac{dk-d}{dk+d}=\dfrac{d\left(k-1\right)}{d\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k-1}{k+1}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrowđpcm\)
b/ Đặt :
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(VT=\dfrac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\dfrac{2bk+5b}{3bk-4b}=\dfrac{b\left(2k+5\right)}{b\left(3k-4\right)}=\dfrac{2k+5}{3k-4}\left(1\right)\)
\(VP=\dfrac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}=\dfrac{2dk+5d}{3dk-4d}=\dfrac{d\left(2k+5\right)}{d\left(3k-4\right)}=\dfrac{2k+5}{3k-4}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrowđpcm\)
a) Từ \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\)
Từ \(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c-d}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{a+b}\)
b) Từ \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{2a}{2c}=\dfrac{3a}{3c}=\dfrac{4b}{4d}=\dfrac{5b}{5d}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{2a}{2c}=\dfrac{3a}{3c}=\dfrac{4b}{4d}=\dfrac{5b}{5d}=\dfrac{2a+5b}{2c+5d}=\dfrac{3a-4b}{3c-4d}\)
Từ \(\dfrac{2a+5b}{2c+5d}=\dfrac{3a-4b}{3c-4d}\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\dfrac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}\)
a) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)suy ra\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\)
ta có \(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\)
nên \(\dfrac{a-b}{a+b}=\dfrac{c-d}{c+d}\)
b)đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\) suy ra a=bk;c=dk
ta có \(\dfrac{a}{b+a}=\dfrac{bk}{bk+b}=\dfrac{bk}{b\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)(1)
\(\dfrac{c}{c+d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk+d}=\dfrac{dk}{d\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)(2)
Từ (1);(2) suy ra \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{c}{c+d}\)
c)ta có \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
suy ra \(\dfrac{2a}{2c}=\dfrac{5b}{5d};\dfrac{3a}{3c}=\dfrac{4b}{4d}\)
suy ra \(\dfrac{2a+5b}{2c+5d}=\dfrac{3a-4b}{3a-4d}\)
nên \(\dfrac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\dfrac{2c+3d}{3c-4d}\)
d)\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{c}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{b}{d}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\right)^2\left(1\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\left(2\right)\)
từ (1);(2) suy ra \(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\)
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}=\frac{a-b}{c-d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{c^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}=\frac{a^2-b^2}{c^2-d^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}\)
b) \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{2a}{2c}=\frac{5b}{5d}=\frac{3a}{3c}=\frac{4b}{4d}=\frac{2a+5b}{2c+5d}=\frac{3a-4b}{3c-4d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\frac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}\)
a) Ta co: a/b = c/d= k
=> a=bk
c=dk
Ta co: a-b/a+b = bk-b/bk+b = b(k-1)/b(k+1) = k-1/k+1 (1)
Ta co: c-d/c+d = dk-d/dk+d = d(k-1)/d(k+1) = k-1/k+1 (2)
Tu (1) va (2)
=> a-b/a+b=c-d/c+d
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\) (*)
a) Từ (*) ta có:
\(\dfrac{a-b}{a+b}=\dfrac{bk-b}{bk+b}=\dfrac{b\left(k-1\right)}{b\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k-1}{k+1}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{c-d}{c+d}=\dfrac{dk-d}{dk+d}=\dfrac{d\left(k-1\right)}{d\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k-1}{k+1}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\dfrac{a-b}{a+b}=\dfrac{c-d}{c+d}\)
b) Từ (*) ta có:
\(\dfrac{7a-4b}{3a+5b}=\dfrac{7bk-4b}{3bk+5b}=\dfrac{b\left(7k-4\right)}{b\left(3k+5\right)}=\dfrac{7k-4}{3k+5}\) (3)
\(\dfrac{7c-4d}{3c+5d}=\dfrac{7dk-4d}{3dk+5d}=\dfrac{d\left(7k-4\right)}{d\left(3k+5\right)}=\dfrac{7k-4}{3k+5}\) (4)
Từ (3) và (4) suy ra \(\dfrac{7a-4b}{3a+5b}=\dfrac{7c-4d}{3c+5d}\)
c) Từ (*) ta có:
\(\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{bk.dk}{bd}=k^2\) (5)
\(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{\left(bk\right)^2+\left(dk\right)^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{k^2\left(b^2+d^2\right)}{b^2+d^2}=k^2\) (6)
\(\dfrac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{\left(d-b\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left[\left(dk\right)-\left(bk\right)\right]^2}{\left(d-b\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left[k\left(d-b\right)\right]^2}{\left(d-b\right)^2}=k^2\) (7)
Từ (5), (6) và (7) suy ra \(\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{\left(d-b\right)^2}\)
Bài 2:
Đặt a/b=c/d=k
=>a=bk; c=dk
a: \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{bk}{bk+b}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{c+d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk+d}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{c}{c+d}\)
b: \(\dfrac{7a^2+5ac}{7a^2-5ac}=\dfrac{7\cdot b^2k^2+5\cdot bk\cdot dk}{7\cdot b^2k^2-5\cdot bk\cdot dk}\)
\(=\dfrac{7b^2k^2+5bdk^2}{7b^2k^2-5bdk^2}=\dfrac{7b^2+5bd}{7b^2-5bd}\)(đpcm)
Bài 1:
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk; c=dk\)
Khi đó: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\frac{2bk+5b}{3bk-4b}=\frac{b(2k+5)}{b(3k-4)}=\frac{2k+5}{3k-4}\\ \frac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}=\frac{2dk+5d}{3dk-4d}=\frac{d(2k+5)}{d(3k-4)}=\frac{2k+5}{3k-4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\frac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Bài 2:
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk; c=dk\)
Khi đó: \(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{bk.b}{dk.d}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)
\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{(bk)^2+b^2}{(dk)^2+d^2}=\frac{b^2(k^2+1)}{d^2(k^2+1)}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)
Do đó: \(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}(=\frac{b^2}{d^2})\) . Ta có đpcm.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{2a+5b}{2c+5d}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{3a-4b}{3c-4d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2a+5b}{2c+5d}=\dfrac{3a-4b}{3c-4d}=\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\dfrac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}\left(dpcm\right)\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2bk+5b}{3bk-4b}=\dfrac{2dk+5d}{3dk-4d}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\dfrac{2bk+5b}{3bk-4b}=\dfrac{b\left(2k+5\right)}{b\left(3k-4\right)}=\dfrac{2k+5}{3k-4}\left(1\right)\)
\(VP=\dfrac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}=\dfrac{2dk+5d}{3dk-4d}=\dfrac{d\left(2k+5\right)}{d\left(3k-4\right)}=\dfrac{2k+5}{3k-4}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\) Đpcm.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)=>\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
<=>\(\dfrac{5a}{5c}=\dfrac{3b}{3d}=\dfrac{3a}{3c}=\dfrac{2b}{2d}\)
<=>\(\dfrac{5a-3b}{5c-3d}=\dfrac{3a-2b}{3c-2d}\)(đpcm)
Các câu sau tương tự
a.Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{\left(bk\right)^2+\left(dk\right)^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{k^2\left(b^2+d^2\right)}{b^2+d^2}=k^2\) (1)
\(\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)^2}{\left(b+d\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(bk+dk\right)^2}{\left(b+d\right)^2}=\dfrac{k^2\left(b+d\right)^2}{\left(b+d\right)^2}=k^2\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra: \(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)^2}{\left(b+d\right)^2}\)
b.M = \(\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2^2}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3^2}\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4^2}\right)...\left(1-\dfrac{1}{50^2}\right)\)
= \(\dfrac{3}{4}.\dfrac{8}{9}.\dfrac{15}{16}...\dfrac{2499}{2500}\)
= \(\dfrac{1.3.2.4.3.5...49.51}{2^2.3^2.4^2...50^2}\)
\(\dfrac{51}{2.50}=\dfrac{51}{100}\)
Lời giải:
a)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a+c}{b+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow \left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^2=\left(\frac{b}{d}\right)^2=\frac{(a+c)^2}{(b+d)^2}(1)\)
Mặt khác, \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow \frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{c^2}{d^2}=\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}(2)\) (áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau)
Từ \((1),(2)\Rightarrow \frac{(a+c)^2}{(b+d)^2}=\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}\)
b) Vì \(1-\frac{1}{2^2};1-\frac{1}{3^2};...;1-\frac{1}{50^2}<1\) nên:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} \left \{ 1-\frac{1}{2^2} \right \}=1-\frac{1}{2^2}\\ \left \{ 1-\frac{1}{3^2} \right \}=1-\frac{1}{3^2}\\ ....\\ \left \{ 1-\frac{1}{50^2} \right \}=1-\frac{1}{50^2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\left(1-\frac{1}{2^2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{3^2}\right)....\left(1-\frac{1}{50^2}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\frac{(2^2-1)(3^2-1)(4^2-1)....(50^2-1)}{(2.3....50)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\frac{[(2-1)(3-1)...(50-1)][(2+1)(3+1)...(50+1)]}{(2.3.4...50)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\frac{(2.3...49)(3.4.5...51)}{(2.3.4...50)^2}=\frac{(2.3.4...49)^2.50.51}{2.(2.3....49)^2.50^2}=\frac{50.51}{2.50^2}=\frac{51}{100}\)
Đặt a/b=c/d=k
=>a=bk; c=dk
a: \(\dfrac{3a+5b}{3a-5b}=\dfrac{3bk+5b}{3bk-5b}=\dfrac{3k+5}{3k-5}\)
\(\dfrac{3c+5d}{3c-5d}=\dfrac{3dk+5d}{3dk-5d}=\dfrac{3k+5}{3k-5}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{3a+5b}{3a-5b}=\dfrac{3c+5d}{3c-5d}\)
b: \(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{bk+b}{dk+d}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{b}{d}\right)^2\)
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2+b^2}{d^2k^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)
Do đó: \(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\)
c: \(\dfrac{a-b}{a+b}=\dfrac{bk-b}{bk+b}=\dfrac{k-1}{k+1}\)
\(\dfrac{c-d}{c+d}=\dfrac{dk-d}{dk+d}=\dfrac{k-1}{k+1}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a-b}{a+b}=\dfrac{c-d}{c+d}\)