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Áp dụng HĐT a2 - b2 = ( a - b )( a + b )
và tính chất an.bn = ( a.b )n ( với n ∈ N* )
a) ( 3x + 1 )2 - ( x + 1 )2
= [ ( 3x + 1 ) - ( x + 1 ) ][ ( 3x + 1 ) + ( x + 1 ) ]
= ( 3x + 1 - x - 1 )( 3x + 1 + x + 1 )
= 2x( 4x + 2 )
= 2x.2( 2x + 1 )
= 4x( 2x + 1 )
b) ( x + y )2 - ( x - y )2
= [ ( x + y ) - ( x - y ) ][ ( x + y ) + ( x - y ) ]
= ( x + y - x + y )( x + y + x - y )
= 2y.2x = 4xy
c) ( 2xy + 1 )2 - ( 2x + y )2
= [ ( 2xy + 1 ) - ( 2x + y ) ][ ( 2xy + 1 ) + ( 2x + y ) ]
= ( 2xy + 1 - 2x - y )( 2xy + 1 + 2x + y )
= [ ( 2xy - 2x ) - ( y - 1 ) ][ ( 2xy + 2x ) + ( y + 1 ) ]
= [ 2x( y - 1 ) - ( y - 1 ) ][ 2x( y + 1 ) + ( y + 1 ) ]
= ( y - 1 )( 2x - 1 )9 y + 1 )( 2x + 1 )
d) 9( x - y )2 - 4( x + y )2
= 32( x - y )2 - 22( x + y )2
= [ 3( x - y ) ]2 - [ 2( x + y ) ]2
= ( 3x - 3y )2 - ( 2x + 2y )2
= [ ( 3x - 3y ) - ( 2x + 2y ) ][ ( 3x - 3y ) + ( 2x + 2y ) ]
= ( 3x - 3y - 2x - 2y )( 3x - 3y + 2x + 2y )
= ( x - 5y )( 5x - y )
e) ( 3x - 2y )2 - ( 2x - 3y )2
= [ ( 3x - 2y ) - ( 2x - 3y ) ][ ( 3x - 2y ) + ( 2x - 3y ) ]
= ( 3x - 2y - 2x + 3y )( 3x - 2y + 2x - 3y )
= ( x + y )( 5x - 5y )
= ( x + y )5( x - y )
f) ( 4x2 - 4x + 1 ) - ( x + 1 )2
= ( 2x - 1 )2 - ( x + 1 )2
= [ ( 2x - 1 ) - ( x + 1 ) ][ ( 2x - 1 ) + ( x + 1 ) ]
= ( 2x - 1 - x - 1 )( 2x - 1 + x + 1 )
= 3x( x - 2 )
a) x2 + 6x + 9 = x2 + 2 . x . 3 + 32 = (x + 3)2
b) 10x – 25 – x2 = -(-10x + 25 +x2) = -(25 – 10x + x2)
= -(52 – 2 . 5 . x – x2) = -(5 – x)2
c) 8x3 - 1/8 = (2x)3 – (1/2)3 = (2x - 1/2)[(2x)2 + 2x . 12 + (1/2)2]
= (2x - 1/2)(4x2 + x + 1/4)
d)1/25x2 – 64y2 = (1/5x)2(1/5x)2- (8y)2 = (1/5x + 8y)(1/5x - 8y)
a) \(=2xy^2\left(x^2+8x+15\right)\)
\(=2xy^2\left[\left(x^2+8x+16\right)-1\right]\)
\(=2xy^2\left[\left(x+4\right)^2-1\right]\)
\(=2xy^2\left(x+4+1\right)\left(x+4-1\right)\)
\(=2xy^2\left(x+5\right)\left(x-3\right)\)
mấy câu sau tự làm nha :*
b,=(x^2-10x+25)-4
=(x-5)^2-2^2
=(x-5-2)(x-5+2)
=(x-7)(x-3)
a) Ta có: \(\left(x+y\right)^2-8\left(x+y\right)+12\)
\(=\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-8\left(x+y\right)+16\right]-4\)
\(=\left(x+y-4\right)^2-4\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y-8\right)\)
a,\(xy+3x-7y-21\)
\(=x\left(y+3\right)-7\left(y+3\right)\)
\(=\left(y+3\right)\left(x-7\right)\)
\(b,2xy-15-6x+5y\)
\(=\left(2xy-6x\right)+\left(-15+5y\right)\)
\(=2x\left(y-3\right)-5\left(3-y\right)\)
\(=2x\left(y-3\right)+5\left(y-3\right)\)
\(=\left(y-3\right)\left(2x+5\right)\)
x2-7x+12
=x2-3x-4x+12
=x(x-3)-4(x-3)
=(x-3)(x-4)
x4-4x2+4x-1
=x4-1-4x2+4x
=(x2-1)(x2+1)-4x(x-1)
=(x-1)(x+1)(x2+1)-4x(x-1)
=(x-1)[(x+1)(x2+1)-4x]
=(x-1)(x3+x2+x+1-4x)
=(x-1)(x3+x2-3x+1)
6x4-11x2+3
=6x4-2x2-9x2+3
=2x2(3x2-1)-3(3x2-1)
=(3x2-1)(2x2-3)
e) \(\left(x-y\right)^2+4\left(x-y\right)-12\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)+4\right]-12\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-y+4\right)-12\)
f) \(x^2-2xy+y^2+3x-3y-10\)
\(=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(3x-3y\right)-10\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+3\left(x-y\right)-10\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)+3\right]-10\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-y+3\right)-10\)
g) \(\left(x^2+4x+8\right)^2+3x\left(x^2+4x+8\right)+2x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+4x+8\right)\left[\left(x^2+4x+8\right)+3x\right]+2x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+4x+8\right)\left(x^2+4x+8+3x\right)+2x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+4x+8\right)\left(x^2+7x+8\right)+2x^2\)