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a) \(4x^3y-12x^2y^3-8x^4y^3\)
\(=4x^2y\left(x-3y^2-2x^2y^2\right)\)
b) \(2x^2+4x+2-2y^2\)
\(=2\left(x^2+2x+1-y^2\right)\)
\(=2\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-y^2\right]\)
\(=2\left(x-y+1\right)\left(x+y+1\right)\)
c) \(x^3-2x^2+x-xy^2\)
\(=x\left(x^2-2x+1-y^2\right)\)
\(=x\left[\left(x-1\right)^2-y^2\right]\)
\(=x\left(x-y-1\right)\left(x+y-1\right)\)
d) \(x\left(x-2y\right)+3\left(2y-x\right)\)
\(=x\left(x-2y\right)-3\left(x-2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x-2y\right)\)
e) \(x^2+4\)
\(=\left(x^4+4x^2+4\right)-4x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+2\right)^2-\left(2x\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+2\right)\left(x^2+2x+2\right)\)
f) \(5x^2-7x-6\)
\(=\left(5x^2-10x\right)+\left(3x-6\right)\)
\(=5x\left(x-2\right)+3\left(x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(5x+3\right)\left(x-2\right)\)
a) \(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x^2+5x\right)\)
b) \(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)^2\)
c) \(=\left(x^2+1-2x\right)\left(x^2+1+2x\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)\left(x^2+2x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x+1\right)^2\)
d) \(=3\left(x+3\right)-\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)\left(3-x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)\left(6-x\right)\)
e) \(=\left(x^2-\frac{1}{3}x\right)\left(x^2+\frac{1}{3}x\right)\)
f) \(=2x\left(x-y\right)-16\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=2\left(x-y\right)\left(x-8\right)\)
a,\(xy+3x-7y-21\)
\(=x\left(y+3\right)-7\left(y+3\right)\)
\(=\left(y+3\right)\left(x-7\right)\)
\(b,2xy-15-6x+5y\)
\(=\left(2xy-6x\right)+\left(-15+5y\right)\)
\(=2x\left(y-3\right)-5\left(3-y\right)\)
\(=2x\left(y-3\right)+5\left(y-3\right)\)
\(=\left(y-3\right)\left(2x+5\right)\)
Áp dụng HĐT a2 - b2 = ( a - b )( a + b )
và tính chất an.bn = ( a.b )n ( với n ∈ N* )
a) ( 3x + 1 )2 - ( x + 1 )2
= [ ( 3x + 1 ) - ( x + 1 ) ][ ( 3x + 1 ) + ( x + 1 ) ]
= ( 3x + 1 - x - 1 )( 3x + 1 + x + 1 )
= 2x( 4x + 2 )
= 2x.2( 2x + 1 )
= 4x( 2x + 1 )
b) ( x + y )2 - ( x - y )2
= [ ( x + y ) - ( x - y ) ][ ( x + y ) + ( x - y ) ]
= ( x + y - x + y )( x + y + x - y )
= 2y.2x = 4xy
c) ( 2xy + 1 )2 - ( 2x + y )2
= [ ( 2xy + 1 ) - ( 2x + y ) ][ ( 2xy + 1 ) + ( 2x + y ) ]
= ( 2xy + 1 - 2x - y )( 2xy + 1 + 2x + y )
= [ ( 2xy - 2x ) - ( y - 1 ) ][ ( 2xy + 2x ) + ( y + 1 ) ]
= [ 2x( y - 1 ) - ( y - 1 ) ][ 2x( y + 1 ) + ( y + 1 ) ]
= ( y - 1 )( 2x - 1 )9 y + 1 )( 2x + 1 )
d) 9( x - y )2 - 4( x + y )2
= 32( x - y )2 - 22( x + y )2
= [ 3( x - y ) ]2 - [ 2( x + y ) ]2
= ( 3x - 3y )2 - ( 2x + 2y )2
= [ ( 3x - 3y ) - ( 2x + 2y ) ][ ( 3x - 3y ) + ( 2x + 2y ) ]
= ( 3x - 3y - 2x - 2y )( 3x - 3y + 2x + 2y )
= ( x - 5y )( 5x - y )
e) ( 3x - 2y )2 - ( 2x - 3y )2
= [ ( 3x - 2y ) - ( 2x - 3y ) ][ ( 3x - 2y ) + ( 2x - 3y ) ]
= ( 3x - 2y - 2x + 3y )( 3x - 2y + 2x - 3y )
= ( x + y )( 5x - 5y )
= ( x + y )5( x - y )
f) ( 4x2 - 4x + 1 ) - ( x + 1 )2
= ( 2x - 1 )2 - ( x + 1 )2
= [ ( 2x - 1 ) - ( x + 1 ) ][ ( 2x - 1 ) + ( x + 1 ) ]
= ( 2x - 1 - x - 1 )( 2x - 1 + x + 1 )
= 3x( x - 2 )
\(a^2+2ab+b^2-x^2-2xy-y^2=\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(a+b+x+y\right)\left(a+b-x-y\right)\)\(x+2y-xy-2=x-xy+2y-2=x\left(1-y\right)-2\left(1-y\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(1-y\right)\)
\(x^5+x^4+1=x^5-x^2+x^4-x+\left(x^2+x+1\right)=x^2\left(x^3-1\right)+x\left(x^3-1\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)=x^2\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)+x\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^3-x+1\right)\)\(64x^4+y^4=64x^4+16x^2y^2+y^4-16x^2y^2=\left(8x^2+y^2\right)^2-\left(4xy\right)^2=\left(8x^2-4xy+y^2\right)\left(8x^2+4xy+y^2\right)\)
\(x^3+8x^2+17x+10=\left(x^3+2x^2\right)+\left(6x^2+12x\right)+\left(5x+10\right)=x^2\left(x+2\right)+6x\left(x+2\right)+5\left(x+2\right)=\left(x^2+6x+5\right)\left(x+2\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+5\right)\) \(4x^4+81=4x^4+36x^2+81-36x^2=\left(2x^2+9\right)^2-\left(6x\right)^2=\left(2x^2+6x+9\right)\left(2x^2-6x+9\right)\)\(abc+ab+bc+ca+a+b+c+1=\left(abc+ab\right)+\left(bc+b\right)+\left(ca+a\right)+\left(c+1\right)=ab\left(c+1\right)+b\left(c+1\right)+a\left(c+1\right)+\left(c+1\right)=\left(c+1\right)\left(ab+a+b+1\right)=\left(c+1\right)\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\)