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đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c}}=x;\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a}}=y;\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b}}=z\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=1\)
\(P=\frac{ab}{ab+c}+\frac{bc}{bc+a}+\frac{ca}{ca+b}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{ab}{c}}{\frac{ab}{c}+1}+\frac{\frac{bc}{a}}{\frac{bc}{a}+1}+\frac{\frac{ca}{b}}{\frac{ca}{b}+1}=\frac{x^2}{x^2+1}+\frac{y^2}{y^2+1}+\frac{z^2}{z^2+1}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
a2(b+c)2+5bc+b2(a+c)2+5ac≥4a29(b+c)2+4b29(a+c)2=49(a2(1−a)2+b2(1−b)2)(vì a+b+c=1)
a2(1−a)2−9a−24=(2−x)(3x−1)24(1−a)2≥0(vì )<a<1)
⇒a2(1−a)2≥9a−24
tương tự: b2(1−b)2≥9b−24
⇒P⩾49(9a−24+9b−24)−3(a+b)24=(a+b)−94−3(a+b)24.
đặt t=a+b(0<t<1)⇒P≥F(t)=−3t24+t−94(∗)
Xét hàm (∗) được: MinF(t)=F(23)=−19
⇒MinP=MinF(t)=−19.dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=13
bài 1b
+)Nếu n chẵn ,ta có \(n^4⋮2,4^n⋮2\Rightarrow n^4+4^n⋮2\)
mà \(n^4+4^n>2\)Do đó \(n^4+4^n\)là hợp số
+)nếu n lẻ đặt \(n=2k+1\left(k\in N\right)\)
Ta có \(n^4+4^n=n^4+4^{2k}.4=\left(n^2+2.4k\right)^2-2n^2.2.4^k\)
\(=\left(n^2+2^{2k+1}\right)^2-\left(2.n.2^k\right)^2\)
\(=\left(n^2+2^{2k+1}+2n.2^k\right)\left(n^2+2^{2k+1}-2n.2^k\right)\)
\(=\left(\left(n+2^k\right)^2+2^{2k}\right)\left(\left(n-2^k\right)^2+2^{2k}\right)\)
là hợp số,vì mỗi thừa số đều lớn hơn hoặc bằng 2
(nhớ k nhé)
Bài 2a)
Nhân 2 vế với 2 ta có
\(a^4+b^4\ge2ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)-2a^2b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2\ge2ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(đúng)
Dẫu = xảy ra khi \(a=b\)
1)
\(2x^2-2xy+5y^2-2x-2y+1=0.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+1+2xy-2x-2y\right)+\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-1\right)^2+\left(2y-x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y-1=0\\2y-x=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=1\\2y-x=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}y=\frac{1}{3}\\x=\frac{2}{3}\end{cases}}}\)
\(A=\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)}+...+\frac{\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}}{\left(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}\right)\left(\sqrt{100}+\sqrt{99}\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}\)
\(=\sqrt{100}-1=9\)
\(B=\frac{2}{2}+\frac{2}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{2\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{2}{2\sqrt{35}}\)
\(B>\frac{2}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{2}{\sqrt{35}+\sqrt{36}}\)
\(B>2\left(\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}+...+\frac{\sqrt{36}-\sqrt{35}}{\left(\sqrt{36}-\sqrt{35}\right)\left(\sqrt{36}+\sqrt{35}\right)}\right)\)
\(B>2\left(\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{36}-\sqrt{35}\right)\)
\(B>2\left(\sqrt{36}-1\right)=10>9=A\)
\(\Rightarrow B>A\)
Để biểu thức B có nghĩa thì \(xy\ne0\)
Khi đó ta có:
\(x^3+y^3=2x^2y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3+y^3\right)^2=4x^4y^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^6+y^6+2x^3y^3=4x^4y^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^6+y^6-2x^3y^3=4x^4y^4-4x^3y^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3-y^3\right)^2=4x^4y^4\left(1-\frac{1}{xy}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{1}{xy}=\left(\frac{x^3-y^3}{2x^2y^2}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{xy}}=\left|\frac{x^3-y^3}{2x^2y^2}\right|\) là một số hữu tỉ
câu 1:
\(a^2+1\ge2a\\ b^2+1\ge2b\\ c^2+1\ge2c\\ a^2+b^2\ge2ab\\ b^2+c^2\ge2bc\\ a^2+c^2\ge2ac\\ \Rightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+3\ge2\left(a+b+c+ab+bc+ac\right)=2.6=12\\ \Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Câu 2)
Có \(P=\dfrac{1}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}+\dfrac{4}{xy}+2xy\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4xy}+\dfrac{1}{8xy}+\dfrac{29}{8xy}+2xy\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{8xy}+2xy\right)+\dfrac{29}{8xy}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) và bất đẳng thức Cô-si, ta được:
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(\dfrac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\right)+2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{8xy}.2xy}+\dfrac{29}{2\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
Mà \(x+y\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.4+2.\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{29}{2}=\dfrac{35}{2}\)
Vậy GTNN của P = \(\dfrac{35}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}.\)
Chúc bạn học tốt!
Bài 3
Với abc=1
Ta CM \(\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{1}{ac+c+1}=1\)
\(VT=\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{a}{abc+ab+a}+\frac{ab}{a^2bc+abc+ac}\)
\(=\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{ab}{ab+a+1}=1\)(ĐPCM)
Ta có \(\left(1+a\right)^2+b^2+5=\left(a^2+b^2\right)+2a+6\ge2ab+2a+6\)
=> \(\frac{\left(1+a\right)^2+b^2+5}{ab+a+4}=\frac{2ab+2a+6}{ab+a+4}=2-\frac{2}{ab+a+4}\)
Mà \(\frac{1}{ab+a+4}=\frac{1}{ab+a+1+3}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{3}\right)\)(do \(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\))
=> \(\frac{\left(1+a\right)^2+b^2+5}{ab+a+4}\ge2-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{3}\right)=\frac{11}{6}-\frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{ab+a+1}\)
Khi đó
\(P\ge\frac{11}{2}-\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{1}{ac+c+1}\right)=\frac{11}{2}-\frac{1}{2}.1=5\)
\(MinP=5\)khi \(a=b=c=1\)