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II. Read the following passage and answer the following questions. Write your answers in the provided space.(1pt.)SLEEPY TEENSWhen school superintendent Russell Dever enters the local coffee shop at around 7:20 A.M., it is crowded withstudents. “The line is out the door because our high school kids are getting coffee,” he said. And they are not standing in linefor the decaf – they need the caffeine to stay awake in class. Talk to American high school students and you hear thecomplaints...
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II. Read the following passage and answer the following questions. Write your answers in the provided space.
(1pt.)

SLEEPY TEENS

When school superintendent Russell Dever enters the local coffee shop at around 7:20 A.M., it is crowded with
students. “The line is out the door because our high school kids are getting coffee,” he said. And they are not standing in line
for the decaf – they need the caffeine to stay awake in class. Talk to American high school students and you hear the
complaints about how late they stay up, how little they sleep – and how early they must be in class.
These days, there is increasing concern in schools across the United States about students who are not completely
awake in morning classes. School officials in some states have even changed start times so teenagers can sleep later.
According to sleep expert Mary Carskadon, the fact that many teenagers work long hours outside of the school and have
computers and televisions in their bedrooms contributes to a serious lack of sleep. But, she said, the problem is also due to
biology. As the bodies of teenagers develop, their brains also change. These changes make teens more likely than adults to
have trouble sleeping at night.
Teenagers need at least eight to nine hours of sleep a night, but the average teen gets a lot less. Carskadon’s
study, completed in the fall of 2001 with researcher Amy Wolfson, showed that nearly 30 percent of students in the tenth

grade slept less than six hours on school nights. Less than 15 percent got more than eight hours of sleep each night. Eighth-
graders averaged eight hours of sleep a night, although that age group, she said, needs at least nine hours a night. Even

more remarkable are the results of a 1997-1998 school year study. In that study, 12 out of 24 U.S. high school students who
were part of an experiment at a sleep laboratory had brain wave patterns similar to those of someone with narcolepsy, a
serious condition that affects sleep. “What’s going in on is that at 8:30 in the morning these kids ... would normally be in
school sitting in a classroom, but ... their brain is still in the middle of the night,” said Carskadon.
Parent Dawn Dow says her son just cannot go to bed before 10 P.M. “Last year he was trying to put himself to bed
at 8:30 and was coming in 9:30 and 10 in tears saying, ‘I just can’t go to sleep.’ It is not a case of children wanting to be up
late ... It is a change in his chemistry.”
So would letting teenagers wake up later make a difference? Kyla Wahlstrom of the University of Minnesota in the
United States studies the effects of changing school starts time. She has looked at students in Edina and Minneapolis, two
cities in Minnesota, where public school officials have moved high school starting times past 8:30 A.M. In Minneapolis, the
middle school begins at 9:30 A.M. She said the later starting times have reduced students absences. They have also lowered
dropout rates by 8 percent over four years. In addition, she said, teachers report that students are not sleeping at their desks

during the first two hours of class anymore. She said 92 percent of parents from Edina reported that their teenagers are
easier to live with. The students reported that they were feeling less depressed and were getting better grades.
Big changes in school start times may not be possible in some areas. However, Wahlstrom said her research
shows that even small changes can contribute to a solution to this serious problem.
Questions 1 to 6: Decide if the following statements are true, false, or not given according to the information
in the reading passage. Write T (true), F (false), or NG (not given) in the provided space.
Question 1 Most teenagers sleep more than they should.
Question 2 There are scientific reasons that explain why teenagers have difficulty sleeping at night.
Question 3 The brains of teenagers are the same as the brains of adults.
Question 4 Teenagers can do their best schoolwork in the early morning.
Question 5 Some schools start their classes later so that teenage students can get more sleep in the morning.
Question 6 Many parents do not want high school officials to change school start times.

3
24 tháng 1 2022

1. False.

2.True

3.False

4.True

5.True

6. False

HT

24 tháng 1 2022

có thấy câu hỏi đâu bạn

Exercise 2: Read and arrange the headlines into each paragraph. - Set up a compost bin - Explore the idea of purchasing energy-efficient appliances - Make your own non-toxic cleaning products - Grow an organic garden WAYS TO MAKE GREENER WORLD 1. ______________________________ Doing this will reduce the use of plastics because you are reusing plastic containers to hold the cleaning products. The ingredients are also biodegradable which means it is gentler on the environment. 2....
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Exercise 2: Read and arrange the headlines into each paragraph.

- Set up a compost bin

- Explore the idea of purchasing energy-efficient appliances

- Make your own non-toxic cleaning products

- Grow an organic garden

WAYS TO MAKE GREENER WORLD

1. ______________________________

Doing this will reduce the use of plastics because you are reusing plastic containers to hold the cleaning products. The ingredients are also biodegradable which means it is gentler on the environment.

2. ______________________________

Being able to rely on yourself for fresh produce is very rewarding. Share your harvest with neighbors and preserve the excess for years to come. If you don’t have the space or time to grow a garden, shop locally and support local farmers.

3. ______________________________

Add a few less things to the landfill by composting your kitchen scraps. All plant-derived foods, coffee grounds and tea leaves can be composted. Have a small container in your home to place items in. When the storage container gets full, transfer the waste to an outdoor bin. Use the results to enrich fertile soil in the garden.

4. ______________________________

They may cost more upfront but in the end you will save money because they use less energy. Replace regular lights bulbs with their energy efficient counterparts. You pay a little more, but the life of the bulb is significantly longer.

Exercise 6: Read the text again and answer the questions.

1. What will you do to reduce the use of plastics?

__________________________________________________________________ .

2. What should you do with the excess of harvest?

__________________________________________________________________ .

3. "What should you do if you do not have space for growing a garden?

__________________________________________________________________ .

4. How can you reduce the amount of rubbish?

__________________________________________________________________ .

5. What can be composted?

__________________________________________________________________ .

6. What can we do with the composted products?

__________________________________________________________________ .

7. How energy-efficient appliances help to save money?

__________________________________________________________________ .

8. Which are cheaper, regular light bulbs or energy efficient appliances?

__________________________________________________________________ .

1
22 tháng 7 2020

Exercise 2: Read and arrange the headlines into each paragraph.

- Set up a compost bin

- Explore the idea of purchasing energy-efficient appliances

- Make your own non-toxic cleaning products

- Grow an organic garden

WAYS TO MAKE GREENER WORLD

1. Make your own non-toxxic cleaning products

Doing this will reduce the use of plastics because you are reusing plastic containers to hold the cleaning products. The ingredients are also biodegradable which means it is gentler on the environment.

2. Grow an organic garden

Being able to rely on yourself for fresh produce is very rewarding. Share your harvest with neighbors and preserve the excess for years to come. If you don’t have the space or time to grow a garden, shop locally and support local farmers.

3. Set up a compost bin

Add a few less things to the landfill by composting your kitchen scraps. All plant-derived foods, coffee grounds and tea leaves can be composted. Have a small container in your home to place items in. When the storage container gets full, transfer the waste to an outdoor bin. Use the results to enrich fertile soil in the garden.

4. Explore the idea of purchasing energy-efficient appliances

They may cost more upfront but in the end you will save money because they use less energy. Replace regular lights bulbs with their energy efficient counterparts. You pay a little more, but the life of the bulb is significantly longer.

Exercise 6: Read the text again and answer the questions.

1. What will you do to reduce the use of plastics?

I will make my own non-toxxic cleaning products .

2. What should you do with the excess of harvest?

I will share my harvest with neighbors and preserve the excess for years to come .

3. What should you do if you do not have space for growing a garden?

I will shop locally and support local farmers .

4. How can you reduce the amount of rubbish?

I can set up a compost bin .

5. What can be composted?

All plant-derived foods, coffee grounds and tea leaves can be composted .

6. What can we do with the composted products?

We can use them to enrich fertile soil in the garden .

7. How energy-efficient appliances help to save money?

They use less energy .

8. Which are cheaper, regular light bulbs or energy efficient appliances?

Regular light bulbs .

Rivers are on of the world's most important natural resources. Many cities are on the large rivers, and (1).................................. every country has a least one river that (2)................................... an important part in the lives of its people. Besides transportation, rivers (3)....................................... water for crops, water to drink, and recreation for people who live along their (4)......................................... And in...
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Rivers are on of the world's most important natural resources. Many cities are on the large rivers, and (1).................................. every country has a least one river that (2)................................... an important part in the lives of its people. Besides transportation, rivers (3)....................................... water for crops, water to drink, and recreation for people who live along their (4)......................................... And in (5)................................ to get water for crops, engineers sometimes build a dam (6).................................... a river and let water become a lake behind the dam. Then people can use their water not (7).................................... to irrigate fields but also to make electricity for homes and industries. (8)....................................... the water often becomes polluted when cities on river bank grow (9)....................................... and the number of industries increases. We are learning that it is necessary to (10)........................................ rivers clean if we want to enjoy the benefits of the natural resources.

3
15 tháng 4 2017

Rivers are on of the world's most important natural resources. Many cities are on the large rivers, and almost every country has a least one river that plays an important part in the lives of its people. Besides transportation, rivers provide water for crops, water to drink, and recreation for people who live along their banks And in order to get water for crops, engineers sometimes build a dam across a river and let water become a lake behind the dam. Then people can use their water not only to irrigate fields but also to make electricity for homes and industries. However the water often becomes polluted when cities on river bank grow in size and the number of industries increases. We are learning that it is necessary to keep rivers clean if we want to enjoy the benefits of the natural resources.

15 tháng 4 2017

Rivers are one of the world's most important natural resources. Many cities are on the large rivers, and (1).............almost..................... every country has a least one river that (2)................plays................... an important part in the lives of its people. Besides transportation, rivers (3)....................provides................... water for crops, water to drink, and recreation for people who live along their (4)................banks......................... And in (5).............order................... to get water for crops, engineers sometimes build a dam (6).............behind....................... a river and let water become a lake behind the dam. Then people can use their water not (7)..................only.................. to irrigate fields but also to make electricity for homes and industries. (8).....................However,.................. the water often becomes polluted when cities on river bank grow (9)......................faster................. and the number of industries increases. We are learning that it is necessary to (10)...................keep..................... rivers clean if we want to enjoy the benefits of the natural resources.

15 tháng 10 2020

Use the word at the end of each sentence to form a new word that fits into the sentence
1. The _service_ in this place is absolutely terrible. I want my money back. (SERVE)
2. Could you help me make a _decision_ I don't know which phone to buy. (DECIDE)
3. Even very good clothes are quite _affordable_ in this shop. (AFFFORD)
4. There are no further _requirements_ for applying for this job. (REQUIRE)
5. My mother had no idea that this vase was so _valuable_ (VALUE)
6. Companies should always tell the _truths_ in their advertisements. (TRUE)
7. Credit cards are really _useful_, but you have to be careful with them. (USE)
8. I read a _comparison_ of all the new mountain bikes. This one is the best. (COMPARE)
9. Before you get money from the bank you have to make a _judgement_ about whether you can pay it back or not. (JUDGE)
10. He has been an _investable_ banker for ages. (INVEST)

VIII. Read and match sentences A-F with gaps 1-5 in the text. There is one extra sentence.Polar bears live where the ice meets the sea in the Arctic Circle. They are born on land, but they spend mostof their time in the water. (1) ……………………………… However, the polar bear is specially adapted for lifein such a cold place.The most important adaptation is their fur. A polar bear's fur has both long and short hairs, which means thatit is very thick. This thick fur keeps the bear...
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VIII. Read and match sentences A-F with gaps 1-5 in the text. There is one extra sentence.
Polar bears live where the ice meets the sea in the Arctic Circle. They are born on land, but they spend most
of their time in the water. (1) ……………………………… However, the polar bear is specially adapted for life
in such a cold place.
The most important adaptation is their fur. A polar bear's fur has both long and short hairs, which means that
it is very thick. This thick fur keeps the bear warm on the land and stops it getting wet when it is swimming.
(2) ……………………………… This means that the bear appears to be white like the snow and ice around it.
The skin under the fur is black. Because of its colour, the skin absorbs the sun's heat and gives the bear
extra warmth.
Under a polar bear's thick fur and black skin is a layer of fat. This layer can be up to 12 cm thick and it
protects the bears from the cold. (3) ……………………………… Polar bears hunt seals for food and these
are difficult to find in the summer when the ice melts.
The shape of a polar bear’s body is also especially designed for the life in the Arctic. (4)
……………………………… All of their body is covered with fur except for the end of their nose. Their round
shape stops the body from losing heat and it helps the bears tolerate the cold.
Polar bears also have fur on the bottoms of their feet, which are enormous. (5) ………………………………
The fur helps the bears walk in the soft snow and also stops them from falling on the ice. The size of their
feet helps them to swim faster, too.
A. Polar bears have a very large body with a small head and very small ears.
B. The hairs are transparent and so the reflect the light from the sun.
C. Sometimes the bears can get too hot, so they jump into the water to cool off.
D. They look like giant snowshoes and they work in the same way.
E. The temperature in the Arctic can be as low as -45ºC in the winter.
F. The bears can also use it for energy when there isn’t anything to eat.
giúp em với mng oi e cần khá gấp hic hic

0
Dịch:Some theories of the purpose of dreamsFreud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We...
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Dịch:

Some theories of the purpose of dreams

Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?

Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.

The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.

Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit like a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.

Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.

REM and dreaming

Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.

Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.

It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, like language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.

New research

Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses like hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.

Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.

So what’s the conclusion?

Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in particular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.

Doing the research for this article has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?

Find the new words and translate it

5
1 tháng 2 2018

Một số lý thuyết về mục đích của những giấc mơ

Freud tin rằng chúng ta mơ ước để chúng ta có thể giải toả những ham muốn sâu, bí mật mà chúng ta không được phép diễn đạt trong cuộc sống thực bởi vì các quy tắc của xã hội lịch sự. Hầu hết mọi người đều biết về phân tích giấc mơ của Freud - giấc mơ về một con tàu đi vào đường hầm là một giấc mơ về quan hệ tình dục. Nhưng liệu đó có phải chỉ là một giấc mơ khi du hành trên tàu?

Một lý thuyết khác là những giấc mơ cho phép chúng ta giải quyết những vấn đề mà chúng ta không thể giải quyết trong cuộc sống thực. Chúng tôi đi ngủ với một vấn đề và thức dậy với câu trả lời. Đây có thể là một cách để "sử dụng" ước mơ của chúng ta hơn là một mục đích "của mơ ước. Nếu bạn tin rằng giấc mơ của bạn là quan trọng thì việc phân tích chúng có thể giúp bạn tập trung suy nghĩ về vấn đề và giúp bạn tìm ra giải pháp.

Hình ảnh hiện đại là giấc mơ là cách để làm sạch ổ cứng của máy tính, tổ chức các sự kiện trong ngày vào các thư mục và xóa các rác mà nó không muốn giữ. Nhưng tất cả chúng ta đều biết rằng rất ít những gì chúng tôi mơ ước mỗi tối liên quan đến những gì đã xảy ra với chúng tôi ngày hôm đó.

Một ý tưởng khác là giấc mơ là cách hành xử của não đối với hành vi mà chúng ta cần phải tồn tại. Vì vậy, chúng tôi mơ ước được bị đuổi bởi một con quái vật bởi vì một ngày nào đó có thể xảy ra! Nó giống như một nghệ sĩ piano thực hành quy mô của cô ấy mỗi ngày mặc dù cô ấy không cần sử dụng chúng vào lúc đó.

Những người khác tin rằng giấc mơ là cách não thực hiện các con đường giữa các tế bào não. Đây có thể là một yếu tố quan trọng tại sao chúng ta ngủ nhiều hơn là tại sao chúng ta mơ ước. Chúng ta chết nếu chúng ta không ngủ nhưng chúng ta có thể sống mà không mơ mộng. Một số bệnh nhân bị thương não mất khả năng mơ ước nhưng dường như không bị ảnh hưởng xấu.

REM và mơ ước

Các nhà khoa học từng nghĩ rằng giấc mơ chỉ xảy ra trong giấc ngủ Mắt nhanh (REM). Giấc ngủ REM là điều cần thiết cho tất cả các động vật có vú. Tất cả chúng ta trở nên cáu kỉnh và chán nản nếu không có nó. Nếu chúng ta không có đủ giấc ngủ đêm REM, chúng tôi sẽ đền bù bằng cách có thêm thời gian tiếp theo. REM được tạo ra bởi bộ não - phần lâu đời nhất và nguyên thủy nhất của bộ não. Vì vậy, các nhà khoa học từng tin rằng giấc mơ cũng là do hoạt động trong não. Bây giờ chúng ta biết rằng giấc mơ có thể xảy ra bất cứ lúc nào trong suốt giấc ngủ. Sự khác biệt duy nhất có thể là dễ nhớ hơn những giấc mơ xảy ra trong REM.

Trẻ sơ sinh có nhiều hoạt động REM hơn người lớn, nhưng nghiên cứu cho thấy họ mơ ước ít hơn. Điều này cũng có thể đúng với động vật. Chúng tôi biết rằng họ có hoạt động REM nhưng điều đó không có nghĩa là họ mơ ước.

Nó cũng có vẻ như là mơ ước là một kỹ năng phát triển khi bạn lớn lên, chẳng hạn như ngôn ngữ ví dụ. Ước mơ của trẻ nhỏ rất khác so với giấc mơ của những đứa trẻ lớn tuổi hơn và người lớn.

Nghiên cứu mới

Công nghệ hiện đại đã cho phép các nhà khoa học lập bản đồ các bộ phận của não hoạt động khi chúng ta mơ ước. Giun sơ khai rất năng động, nhưng cũng là những khu vực quan trọng khác ở phía trước của não. Đây là những thùy trán điều khiển cảm xúc, trí nhớ và kinh nghiệm đi qua các giác quan như nghe và nhìn. Nếu những khu vực này bị thương, người đó ngừng mơ. Mặt khác, các lĩnh vực kiểm soát suy nghĩ hợp lý, hợp lý không hoạt động chút nào. Điều này có thể giải thích tại sao những giấc mơ thật kỳ lạ. Họ không có trình tự hoặc thời gian hợp lý, điều này khiến họ rất khó giải thích cho người khác khi chúng tôi thức dậy. Giấc mơ kết hợp các sự kiện gần đây với những sự kiện trong quá khứ và cảm xúc của chúng ta trong khi chúng ta đang mơ ước thường rất mạnh.

Các nhà tâm lý học cũng đã thực hiện các nghiên cứu về những người giữ nhật ký trong một thời gian dài (đến 50 năm trong một số trường hợp) và nhận thấy rằng những gì chúng ta mơ ước có liên quan rất nhiều đến cách chúng ta suy nghĩ và hành xử khi chúng ta tỉnh táo. Vì vậy, một người hướng ngoại, mạo hiểm sẽ có những giấc mơ hướng ngoại, mạo hiểm. Một người nhút nhát sẽ là một người nhút nhát trong những giấc mơ của mình. Những người quan trọng đối với chúng ta thường có trong giấc mơ của chúng ta và những điều đó sẽ làm chúng ta lo lắng hoặc làm cho chúng ta hạnh phúc.

Vậy kết luận là gì?

Vâng, không ai thực sự biết. Nhưng các nhà khoa học hiện đang cho thấy những giấc mơ hoàn toàn không có mục đích. Khi chúng ta tỉnh dậy chúng ta đang 'suy nghĩ' mọi lúc. Một số suy nghĩ này là hữu ích và có một mục đích. Nhưng chúng ta thường chỉ "nghĩ" về không có gì đặc biệt trong khi chúng ta chờ xe buýt hoặc đi bộ để làm việc. Và đó là những gì mà bộ não đang làm khi chúng ta đang ngủ - chỉ cần suy nghĩ. Đôi khi nó thú vị và đôi khi nó là nhàm chán.

Làm nghiên cứu cho bài viết này đã làm tôi quan tâm nhiều hơn đến ước mơ của tôi chứ không phải là ít hơn. Tôi thậm chí có thể bắt đầu một nhật ký trong giấc mơ! Nhưng không có gì tôi đã đọc giải thích tại sao đôi khi tôi có một giấc mơ xấu hổ vì thấy mình đang đứng khỏa thân hoàn toàn tại bến xe buýt. May mắn thay, điều này đã không bao giờ xảy ra với tôi trong cuộc sống thực, và nó không phải là điều mà tôi nghĩ về khi tôi thức. Tôi được nói rằng đó là một ví dụ về 'giấc mơ phổ quát' - một giấc mơ phổ biến cho mọi người trên thế giới. Giấc mơ bay là một ví dụ khác. Vậy giải thích là gì? Chúng ta không thể chỉ "suy nghĩ" về cùng một điều, phải không?

1 tháng 2 2018

Some theories of the purpose of dreams

Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?

Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.

The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.

Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.

Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.

REM and dreaming

Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.

Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.

It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.

New research

Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.

Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.

So what’s the conclusion?

Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in parular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.

Doing the research for this arle has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?

A robot can not think or do things alone . People use a computer to control it .Today , robots are not very popular because they are too expensive ,but they are very useful .They can help us save a lot of time and work . A robot can do the same work for 24 hours , and yet , it does not complain or get tired . In the US , people use robots to guard some important places . There robots can listen to certain noises and send signals for help if there's trouble or danger.In Japan , people use robots...
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A robot can not think or do things alone . People use a computer to control it .Today , robots are not very popular because they are too expensive ,but they are very useful .They can help us save a lot of time and work . A robot can do the same work for 24 hours , and yet , it does not complain or get tired . In the US , people use robots to guard some important places . There robots can listen to certain noises and send signals for help if there's trouble or danger.In Japan , people use robots in factories to build cars .In the future , scientists will design many types of intelligent robots . Thier robots will be able to do many more complicated things .However , some people do not like robots . They fear that one day robots will be too powerful 

1 . how long can a robot do ?

2. the words " it " in the passage refers to..........................

3. what do japanese people use robots in factories for?

4. some poeple fear that one day robots......................................

trả lời nhanh giúp mk nhé thanks 

10 bạn sớm nhất mk sẽ tick cho !!!

 

3
5 tháng 7 2016

1. a robot can do the same work for 24 hours

2. the words it in the passage refers to robot

3. japanese people use robot in factories for build cars

4. some people fear that one day robots will be too powerful

5 tháng 7 2016

1. Beacause it can't think or do things alone.Blog.Uhm.vN

2. No, they aren't.Blog.Uhm.vN

3. People in the US use robot to guard some important places.Blog.Uhm.vN

4. People use robots in factories to build cars.Blog.Uhm.vN

Blog.Uhm.vN

 

For many young people in Britain, sport is a popular part of school life, and being (1) _________ one of the school teams and playing in matches is very important. If someone is (2) _________ a team, it means a lot of extra practice and often spending Saturday or Sunday away (3) _________ home, as many matches are played then. It can also involve travelling (4) _________ other towns to play against other school teams and then staying after the match (5) _________ a meal or a drink. Sometimes...
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For many young people in Britain, sport is a popular part of school life, and being (1) _________
one of the school teams and playing in matches is very important. If someone is (2) _________ a
team, it means a lot of extra practice and often spending Saturday or Sunday away (3) _________
home, as many matches are played then.
It can also involve travelling (4) _________ other towns to play against other school teams and
then staying after the match (5) _________ a meal or a drink. Sometimes parents, friends and other
students will travel (6) _________ the team to support their own side.
When a school team wins a match, it is the whole school that feels proud, not only the players. It
can also mean that the school becomes well-known (7) ___________ being good (8) ________
certain sports, and students from that school may end up playing (9) ________ national and
international teams so that the school has some really famous names associated (10) _________ it!
1. A. with B. for C. from D. in
2. A. for B. to C. in D. with
3. A. on B. at C. to D. from
4. A. at B. to C. by D. for
5. A. for B. to C. away D. by
6. A. down B. with C. up D. on
7. A. in B. for C. with D. by
8. A. at B. in C. for D. on
9. A. in B. with C. by D. for
10.A. for B. at C. in D. with

0
Dịch lá thư sau:Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing to make an insurance claim for an item that I lost while on holiday last week.The item is a wristwatch that I inherited from my grandfather. Both the watch strap and the face are made of gold, and the watch is worth a considerable amount of money. It also has great sentimental value. I believe that I must have left the watch on the beach in front of the hotel where I was staying. I did return to search for it, but I can only assume that it was...
Đọc tiếp

Dịch lá thư sau:

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to make an insurance claim for an item that I lost while on holiday last week.

The item is a wristwatch that I inherited from my grandfather. Both the watch strap and the face are made of gold, and the watch is worth a considerable amount of money. It also has great sentimental value. 

I believe that I must have left the watch on the beach in front of the hotel where I was staying. I did return to search for it, but I can only assume that it was either covered in sand or that it had been washed out to sea.

I took out comprehensive travel insurance with your company, and my contract states that all lost items are covered. I would therefore ask that you review the attached information regarding the estimated value of the watch, and that you process my claim as quickly as possible.

Please let me know if you require any further information.

Yours faithfully,
Daniel Craig

Direction: As if you are the person in charge, read the letter and give a suitable response.

3
24 tháng 9 2018

ai rảnh thì đi làm cho bn nhưng mk bận lắm

24 tháng 9 2018

Mk dịch trên Google Translate,sai thì thui nha!

Dear Sir hoặc Madam,

Tôi viết thư để yêu cầu bảo hiểm cho một món hàng mà tôi đã mất trong kỳ nghỉ lễ tuần trước.

Vật phẩm là một chiếc đồng hồ đeo tay mà tôi được thừa kế từ ông tôi. Cả dây đeo đồng hồ và mặt đều được làm bằng vàng và đồng hồ đáng giá tiền. Nó cũng có giá trị tình cảm lớn.

Tôi tin rằng tôi phải để chiếc đồng hồ trên bãi biển phía trước khách sạn nơi tôi đang ở. Tôi đã quay trở lại để tìm kiếm nó, nhưng tôi chỉ có thể cho rằng nó đã được bao phủ trong cát hoặc nó đã bị cuốn trôi ra biển.

Tôi đã mua bảo hiểm du lịch toàn diện với công ty của bạn, và hợp đồng của tôi nói rằng tất cả các vật dụng bị mất đều được bảo hiểm. Do đó, tôi sẽ yêu cầu bạn xem lại thông tin đính kèm về giá trị ước tính của đồng hồ và bạn xử lý yêu cầu của mình càng nhanh càng tốt.

Vui lòng cho tôi biết nếu bạn cần thêm bất kỳ thông tin nào.

Trân trọng,
Daniel Craig

Hướng: Như thể bạn là người phụ trách, hãy đọc thư và đưa ra một câu trả lời phù hợp.