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\(A=\sqrt{1-6x+9x^2}+\sqrt{9x^2-12x+4}\)
A= \(\sqrt{9x^2-6x+1}+\sqrt{9x^2-12x+4}\)
A= \(\sqrt{\left(3x-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(3x-2\right)^2}=\left|3x-1\right|+\left|3x-2\right|\)
ta có |3x-1|+|3x-2|=|3x-1|+|2-3x| ≥ |3x-1+2-3x|=1
=> A ≥ 1
=> Min A =1 khi 1/3 ≤ x ≤ 2/3
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x\left(y+2z\right)}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y\left(z+2x\right)}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z\left(x+2y\right)}}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{\sqrt{x\left(y+2z\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(z+2x\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(x+2y\right)}}\)
\(=\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{x\left(y+2z\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(z+2x\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(x+2y\right)}}\)
Áp dụng liên tiếp Bunyakovsky và AM-GM:
\(\left(\sqrt{x\left(y+2z\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(z+2x\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(x+2y\right)}\right)^2\)
\(\le\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left[x\left(y+2z\right)+y\left(z+2x\right)+z\left(x+2y\right)\right]\)
\(=3.3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
Mà \(3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\le\left(x+y+z\right)^2=3\)
\(3.3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\le3.3=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x\left(y+2z\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(z+2x\right)}+z\sqrt{\left(x+2y\right)}\le\sqrt{9}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\dfrac{9}{3}=3."="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cauchy:
\(P=\sum\dfrac{x^2\left(y+z\right)}{y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}}\ge\sum\dfrac{2x^2\sqrt{yz}}{y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}}=\sum\dfrac{2\sqrt{x^3}\sqrt{xyz}}{\sqrt{y^3}+2\sqrt{z^3}}=\sum\dfrac{2\sqrt{x^3}}{\sqrt{y^3}+2\sqrt{z^3}}\)(vì xyz=1).
đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^3}=a\\\sqrt{y^3}=b\\\sqrt{z^3}=c\end{matrix}\right.\)(\(a,b,c>0\))thì giả thiết trở thành cho abc=1. tìm Min \(P=\dfrac{2a}{b+2c}+\dfrac{2b}{c+2a}+\dfrac{2c}{a+2b}\)
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy-schwarz:
\(P=2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{ab+2ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+2ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+2bc}\right)\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=2\)( AM-GM \(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le\left(a+b+c\right)^2\))
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1 hay x=y=z=1
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cô si ta có :
\(x\sqrt{x}+y\sqrt{y}+z\sqrt{z}=\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^3+\left(\sqrt{y}\right)^3+\left(\sqrt{z}\right)^3\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(\sqrt{xyz}\right)^3}=3\sqrt{xyz}\)Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :\(\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{y}=\sqrt{z}\)
Do đó :\(A=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)
Vậy A=8
ta có:\(P=\sum\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x\left(y^2+z^2\right)}=\sum\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}}{\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}\)
đặt \(\left(\dfrac{1}{x};\dfrac{1}{y};\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\)thì giả thiết trở thành : \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\).tìm Min \(P=\dfrac{a}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{b}{a^2+c^2}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+b^2}\)
ta có:\(\dfrac{a}{b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{a}{1-a^2}=\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(1-a^2\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cauchy:
\(\left[a\left(1-a^2\right)\right]^2=\dfrac{1}{2}.2a^2\left(1-a^2\right)\left(1-a^2\right)\le\dfrac{1}{54}\left(2a^2+1-a^2+1-a^2\right)^3=\dfrac{4}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(1-a^2\right)\le\dfrac{2}{3\sqrt{3}}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(1-a^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}a^2\)
tương tự với các phân thức còn lại ta có:
\(P\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
hay \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=a\\\dfrac{1}{y}=b\\\dfrac{1}{z}=c\end{matrix}\right.\) Thì bài toán trở thành
Cho \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\) tính GTNN của \(P=\dfrac{a}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{b}{c^2+a^2}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+b^2}\)
Ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2=1-c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(1-c^2\right)}\)
Mà ta có: \(2c^2\left(1-c^2\right)\left(1-c^2\right)\le\dfrac{\left(2c^2+1-c^2+1-c^2\right)^3}{27}=\dfrac{8}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow c\left(1-c^2\right)\le\dfrac{2}{3\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(1-c^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}c^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c}{a^2+b^2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}c^2}{2}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b}{c^2+a^2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}b^2}{2}\left(2\right)\\\dfrac{a}{b^2+c^2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}a^2}{2}\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ (1), (2), (3) \(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\) hay \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
\(\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2=x+y+z+2\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}\right)=4\)
mà \(x+y+z=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}=1\)----->thay vào
Bạn có thể giải rõ ràng hơn được không? Mình cũng tự làm được đến đoạn này rồi nhưng k biết thay ntn?????
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương
\(VT\ge4\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}{x}\ge4\left(x+y+z\right)\)
Theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và AM-GM, ta có:
\(\sum\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}{x}\ge\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+\sqrt{yz}\right)}{x}=y+z+\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)\sqrt{yz}}{x}\ge y+z+\dfrac{2yz}{x}\)
Suy ra: \(\sum\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}{x}\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)-2\left(\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{xz}{y}+\dfrac{xy}{z}\right)\)
Mặt khác, theo AM-GM:
\(\left(\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{xz}{y}+\dfrac{xy}{z}\right)^2\ge3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{xz}{y}+\dfrac{xy}{z}\ge x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow\sum\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}{x}\ge4\left(x+y+z\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\)
@Phương An
Câu a :
Ta có : \(\sqrt{5+3x}-\sqrt{5-3x}=a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{5+3x}-\sqrt{5-3x}\right)^2=a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5+3x-2\sqrt{\left(5+3x\right)\left(5-3x\right)}+5-3x=a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow10-2\sqrt{25-9x^2}=a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{25-9x^2}=10-a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{25-9x^2}=\dfrac{10-a^2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow25-9x^2=\dfrac{\left(a^2-10\right)^2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x^2=25-\dfrac{\left(a^2-10\right)^2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x=\sqrt{\dfrac{50-\left(a^2-10\right)^2}{2}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\sqrt{50-\left(a^2-10\right)^2}}{3\sqrt{2}}\)
\(P=\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{10+2\sqrt{\dfrac{10-a^2}{2}}}}{\sqrt{50-\left(a^2-10\right)^2}}\)
Bạn tự rút gọn nữa nhé :))
Câu b : \(M=\dfrac{2x+y+z-15}{x}+\dfrac{x+2y+z-15}{y}+\dfrac{x+y+2z-24}{z}\)
\(=\dfrac{x-3}{x}+\dfrac{y-3}{y}+\dfrac{z-12}{z}\)
\(=3-3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{4}{z}\right)\le3-3\left[\dfrac{\left(1+1+2\right)^2}{12}\right]=-1\)