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a. x4 - 27x = x ( x3 - 33 ) = = x ( x - 3 ) ( x2 + 3x + 32 ) = x ( x - 3 ) ( x2 + 3x + 9 )
b. x3 + 2x2 + 2x + 1 = ( x3 + 13 ) + ( 2x2 + 2x ) = ( x + 1 ) ( x2 - x + 1 ) + 2x ( x + 1 ) = ( x + 1 ) ( x2 + x + 1 )
c. 4x - 4y + x2 - 2xy + y2 = 4 ( x - y ) + ( x - y )2 = ( x - y ) ( x - y + 4 )
a
\(x^4-27x\)
\(=x\left(x^3-27\right)\)
\(=x\left(x^3-3^3\right)\)
\(=x\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+3x+9\right)\)
b
\(x^3+2x^2+2x+1\)
\(=x^3+x^2+x^2+x+x+1\)
\(=x^2\left(x+1\right)+x\left(x+1\right)+1\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
c
\(4x-4y+x^2-2xy+y^2\)
\(=4\left(x-y\right)+\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-y+4\right)\)
a) \(2x^3-x^2+5x+3\)
\(=2x^3-2x^2+x^2+6x-x+3\)
\(=\left(2x^3-2x^2+6x\right)+\left(x^2-x+3\right)\)
\(=2x\left(x^2-x+3\right)+\left(x^2-x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+3\right)\)
b) \(27x^3-27x^2+18x-4\)
\(=27x^3-18x^2-9x^2+12x+6x-4\)
\(=\left(27x^3-18x^2+12x\right)-\left(9x^2-6x+4\right)\)
\(=3x\left(9x^2-6x+4\right)-\left(9x^2-6x+4\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-1\right)\left(9x^2-6x+4\right)\)
a) \(x^2-xz-9y^2+3yz\)
\(=\left(x^2-9y^2\right)-\left(xz-3yz\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3y\right)\left(x+3y\right)-z\left(x-3y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3y\right)\left(x+3y-z\right)\)
c) \(x^3+2x^2-6x-27\)
\(=\left(x^3-27\right)+\left(2x^2-6x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-3x+9\right)+2x\left(x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-3x+9+2x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-x+9\right)\)
\(27x^3-27x^2+18x-4\)
\(=27x^3-9x^2-18x^2+6x+12x-4\)
\(=9x\left(3x-1\right)-6x\left(3x-1\right)+4\left(3x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-1\right)\left(9x^2-6x+4\right)\)
\(x^2+2xy+y^2-x-y-12\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)-12\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^2-4\left(x+y\right)+3\left(x+y\right)-12\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y-4\right)+3\left(x+y-4\right)=\left(x+y+3\right)\left(x+y-4\right)\) \(P=\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)-24\)
\(=\left(x^2+7x+10\right)\left(x^2+7x+12\right)-24\) (nhóm 2 cái đầu với cuối lại với nhau, 2 cái giữa vào 1 nhóm)
Đặt \(x^2+7x+11=a\)
Ta có: \(P=\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)-24\)
\(=a^2-25=\left(a-5\right)\left(a+5\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+7x+6\right)\left(x^2+7x+16\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+6\right)\left(x^2+7x+16\right)\)
d, \(4x^4-32x^2+1\)
\(=4x^4+4x^2+1-36x^2\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2-\left(6x\right)^2=\left(2x^2-6x+1\right)\left(2x^2+6x+1\right)\)
a) \(x^4-y^4\)
\(=\left(x^2\right)^2-\left(y^2\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
b) \(x^2-3y^2\)
\(=x^2-\left(y\sqrt{3}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-y\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x+y\sqrt{3}\right)\)
c) \(\left(3x-2y\right)^2-\left(2x-3y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x-2y+2x-3y\right)\left(3x-2y-2x+3y\right)\)
\(=\left(5x-5y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=5\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
d) \(9\left(x-y\right)^2-4\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(=\left[3\left(x-y\right)+2\left(x+y\right)\right]\left[3\left(x-y\right)-2\left(x+y\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(3x-3y+2x+2y\right)\left(3x-3y-2x-2y\right)\)
\(=\left(5x-y\right)\left(x-5y\right)\)
e) \(\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)-\left(x+1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x-1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(2x-1+x+1\right)\left(2x-1-x-1\right)\)
\(=3x\left(x-2\right)\)
f) \(x^3+27\)
\(=x^3+3^3\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+9\right)\)
g) \(27x^3-0,001\)
\(=\left(3x\right)^3-\left(0,1\right)^3\)
\(=\left(3x-0,1\right)\left(9x^2+0,3x+0,01\right)\)
h) \(125x^3-1\)
\(=\left(5x\right)^3-1^3\)
\(=\left(5x-1\right)\left(25x^2+5x+1\right)\)
a) 4x4 + 1
= 4x4 + 4x2 + 1 - 4x2
= ( 4x4 + 4x2 + 1 ) - 4x2
= ( 2x2 + 1 )2 - ( 2x )2
= ( 2x2 - 2x + 1 )( 2x2 + 2x + 1 )
b) x3 + 2x - x2 - 2
= ( x3 - x2 ) + ( 2x - 2 )
= x2( x - 1 ) + 2( x - 1 )
= ( x - 1 )( x2 + 2 )
c) x4 + x2 - 27x - 9
= ( x4 - 27x ) + ( x2 - 9 )
= x( x3 - 27 ) + ( x - 3 )( x + 3 )
= x( x - 3 )( x2 + 3x + 9 ) + ( x - 3 )( x + 3 )
= ( x - 3 )[ x( x2 + 3x + 9 ) + x + 3 ]
= ( x - 3 )( x3 + 3x2 + 9x + x + 3 )
= ( x - 3 )( x3 + 3x2 + 10x + 3 )