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Today, population growth largely means urban population growth. United Nation (UN) (0. PROJECT)_projections___ show the world’s rural population has already stopped growing, but the world can expect to add close to 1.5 billion (1. URBAN)__urbanites__ in the next 15 years, and 3 billion by 2050. How the world meets the challenge of sustainable development will be (2. INTIMACY)_intimately__ tied to this process.
For many people, cities represent a world of new opportunities, including jobs. There is a powerful link between urbanization and economic growth. Around the world, tows and cities are responsible for over 80 per cent of the gross national product. While urban poverty is growing around the world, this is largely because many people – including the poor – are moving to urban areas.
The opportunities there extend beyond just jobs. Cities also offer greater opportunities for (3. SOCIETY)_social___ mobilization and women’s empowerment. Many young people, especially young women, regard the move to cities as an opportunity to escape traditional patriarchy and experience new freedoms. Urban areas also offer greater access to education and health services, including sexual and reproductive health care, further (4. PROMOTE)__promoting__ women’s empowerment and the realization of their reproductive right. This contributes to significantly reduces (5. FERTILE)_fertility__ in urban areas changing the trajectory of overall population growth.
This process, which is particularly (6. PRONUNCIATION)__pronounced__ in Africa and Asia, where much of the world’s population growth is taking place, is also an enormous opportunity for sustainability if the right policies are put in place. Urban living has the potential to use resources more (7. EFFICIENCY)_efficiently__, to create more sustainable land use and to protect the (8. DIVERSE) _biodiversity__ of natural ecosystems.
Still, the face of (9. EQUAL)_inequality__ is increasingly an urban one. Too many urban residents grapple with extreme poverty, (10. EXCLUDE)__exclusion___, vulnerability and marginalization.
Chúng ta sống trong một thế giới năng động, và môi trường sống luôn luôn trải qua những thay đổi ở tất cả các cấp độ. Tuy nhiên, những thay đổi tự nhiên thường xảy ra ở tốc độ chậm để tác động đến từng loài có xu hướng nhỏ - ít nhất là trong ngắn hạn
Khi tốc độ thay đổi được tăng tốc đáng kể, có thể không có thời gian để các loài cá thể phản ứng với hoàn cảnh mới, và các hiệu ứng có thể là thảm họa. Tóm lại, đây là lý do khiến mất môi trường sống nhanh chóng được coi là nguyên nhân chính gây nguy hiểm cho loài, và không có lực lượng nào mạnh hơn trong vấn đề này so với con người. Ở một mức độ nào đó, mọi phần của trái đất đã bị ảnh hưởng bởi các hoạt động của con người, đặc biệt là trong thế kỷ qua. Điều này áp dụng trên hầu hết mọi quy mô, từ việc mất vi khuẩn trong đất đã từng hỗ trợ rừng nhiệt đới, đến sự tuyệt chủng của cá và các loài thủy sinh khác trong môi trường nước ngọt bị ô nhiễm, thay đổi khí hậu toàn cầu gây ra bởi việc thải khí nhà kính. Từ quan điểm của một đời người, những thay đổi như vậy có thể khó phát hiện và ảnh hưởng của chúng đối với từng loài có thể khó dự đoán. Nhưng bài học là đủ rõ ràng. Ví dụ, mặc dù nhiều quốc gia đã có kế hoạch trồng nhiều khu rừng nhiệt đới, chúng rất dễ bị phá hủy bởi vì các loại đất mà chúng phát triển rất nghèo trong các chất dinh dưỡng sẵn có. Nhiều thế kỷ có thể được yêu cầu mang lại một khu rừng bị cắt giảm hoặc bị đốt cháy trong không gian vài năm. Nhiều loài động vật và thực vật bị đe dọa nghiêm trọng trên thế giới sống trong các khu rừng như vậy, và chắc chắn rằng một số lượng lớn chúng sẽ biến mất nếu tỷ lệ mất rừng hiện tại tiếp tục. Môi trường sống trên thế giới là không thể thay đổi và tồn tại cố định.
P/S:ggdịch is free
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chụy Google dịch đọc méo hiểu gì nên mới lết xác lên đây đấy -.-
B. Use the words given in capitals at the end of each sentence to form a word that fits in the space.
1. The first inhabitants of Iceland were a group of _Norwegian_ families who settled on the island in AD 874. NORWAY
2. There was disagreement about whether the country needs to maintain a _deterence_. DETER
3. Hundreds of _ evacuees_ from the war zone have arrived in the city and we are trying to find homes for them. EVACUATE
4. _Bedridden patients are often given exercises to help prevent their muscles from becoming stiff. BED
5. It was this passion for fast cars that led to his _untimely_ death at the age of 33. TIME
6. Every effort is made to _rectify_ any errors before the book is printed. RIGHT
7. In a recent opinion poll, a majority of _respondents__ were against nuclear weapons. RESPONSE
8. Her mouth is _seductively__ lipsticked and her eyes are wide open with anticipation. SEDUCE
9. The script has a refreshing _spontaneity_ and sparkle. SPONTANEOUS
10. It’s better to be an _omnivore_ and eat a variety of plant and animals in case there is a shortage of one particular kind of food.
40. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The natural resources of Australia.
B. The economic features of Australia.
C. The history of Australia.
D. The geography features of Australia.
41. “That makes this island nation one of the least densely populated countries” means: .................................................................................
A. This nation has the most population in the world.
B. This nation has more population than other countries.
C. This nation has less population than its neighbors.
D. This nation is one of the countries that have the least population
42. The majority of Australians are of ..................................................
A. English and Irish
B. English, Irish and Greek
C. English, Irish, Polish and Asian
D. English, Dutch, Polish, Irish and Greek
43. “Over the past 50 years, some four million people from 120 countries have made Australia their home” means:................................................
A. they left their countries and moved to Australia.
B. they built their new house in Australia.
C. they bought houses in Australia.
D. they made their houses the same as in Australia.
44. What is Not true about Australia?
A. it is the largest island in the world.
B. it consists of islands.
C. it is the only country that is also a continent.
D. it is the smallest continent.
The world ocean of are so vast that they can cope with the present levels (pollute)___pollution_______(1)However, little is known about the long term effects of such slow poisoning. The most serious problem of modern time is that man is destroying the earth's (2)___natural______ (nature) resources and trasforming huge areas into wasteland. As a result, it is becoming (extreme)__extremely____(3) difficult to grow enough (4)__to feed_____(feed) the world's rapidly (5)___increasing___( increase) population. A way of protecting all the wildlife on the earth must also be (6)__found_______(find) as many species are in (7) ____danger___(dangerous) of disappearing completely from the face of the earth. The danger, however, are not confine (8)_____solely_____(sole) to the land and the sea. The smoke in the atmosphere, for example, is increasing so mu sunlight has been (9)____reduced_____(reduce) in many cities. Man's whole (eavironmental) ____environment____ (10)is being changed in a serious way
The world’s oceans are so vast that they .can.... cope with the present level of pollution. However, little is known about the long-term effects of .such... slow poisoning. The most serious problem of modern time is .that.... man is destroying the earth’s natural resources and transforming huge areas into.... wasteland. As a result, it is becoming extremely difficult to grow enough ..to... feed the world’s rapidly increasing population. A way of protecting all the wildlife on the earth must also be found.as.... many species are in danger of disappearing completely..from... the surface of the earth. The dangers, ..however..., are not confined solely to the land and the sea.The smoke in the atmosphere, for example, is increasing so...much.. that the amount of sunlight has reduced in many cities. Man’s ..... environment is being changed in a serious way.
each year, on September 22th people in over 1500 cities in 40 countries ảound the globe celebrate World Carfree day. This annual event, which is coordinated by the World Car Network in Parague and supported. by the European Union and the United Nations, aim to raise awareness of ....the..... problems caused by put dependence on private cars. Streets are closed to traffic and opened instead to street parties, theater, bicycles demonstrations or ourdoor cafe, in order to show people what your city might loook like ......if..... there were fewer or no cars. Over one hundred milion people are believe to take ......part..... in the celebration, though this figure is difficulty to verify.
The hope of the organizers is that the initiative will serve as a catalyst and lead to more permanent changes ......which...... will promote and encourage more environmentally friendly alternatives to the car, .....such....... as walking, cycling, and public transport. ...........However............, with increasing globe car production and a world which .....is...... grown used to the benefits of private transport, skeptics of the event say the battle is already lost. One can only hope they are wrong and even if it is unlikely we will see cities ........without........ any cars at all, people may at least begin to change their habits and leave their car at home more often