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a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2=10\\2\left(x+y-xy\right)=10\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2=2x+2y-2xy\\x+y-2xy=10\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+2xy+y^2=2\left(x+y\right)\\x+y-xy=10\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+y\right)^2-2\left(x+y\right)=0\\x+y-xy=10\end{matrix}\right.\)
đặt x+y=t
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t\left(t-2\right)=0\\t-xy=10\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=0\\t=2\end{matrix}\right.\\xy=10+t\end{matrix}\right.\)
nếu t=0\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\xy=10\end{matrix}\right.\) loại
nếu t=2\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=2\\xy=10\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy\left(x+y\right)=12\\x+y+xy=7\end{matrix}\right.\) đặt a=x+y, b=xy
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ab=12\\a+b=7\end{matrix}\right.\)
2/
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\Rightarrow2x^2+xy-3x-y+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x^2-3x+1\right)+y\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(x-1\right)+y\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-1+y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\2x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(x=1\Rightarrow y^2-y=0\Rightarrow...\)
Th2: \(y=1-2x\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-x\left(1-2x\right)+\left(1-2x\right)^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
a/ \(xy+1=x^2+y\Leftrightarrow x^2-1-xy+y=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)-y\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1-y\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=x+1\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Với \(x=1\Rightarrow y^2+6y-8=0\Rightarrow...\)
- Với \(y=x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2-6x+6\right)x^2+6x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-6x^3+6x^2+6x+1=0\)
Nhận thấy \(x=0\) ko phải nghiệm, chia 2 vế cho \(x^2\)
\(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}-6\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)+6=0\)
Đặt \(x-\frac{1}{x}=t\Rightarrow x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}=t^2+2\)
\(\Rightarrow t^2+2-6t+6=0\Leftrightarrow t^2-6t+8=0\Leftrightarrow...\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+2y=6m+4\\3x-2y=11-m\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x=5m+15\\3x-2y=11-m\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=m+3\\y=2m-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=x^2-y^2=\left(m+3\right)^2-\left(2m-1\right)^2\)
\(=-3m^2+10m+8=-3\left(m-\frac{5}{3}\right)^2+\frac{49}{3}\le\frac{49}{3}\)
\(A_{max}=\frac{49}{3}\) khi \(m=\frac{5}{3}\)
a/ Thay m=-1 vào hệ phương trình ta được:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-2y+x=2\\2x+y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-2y+x=2\\4x+2y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x=0\\4x+2y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)Vậy khi m=-1 thì hệ phương trình có nghiệm (x;y)=(0;-1)
b/ Ta có:
ds\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-2y+x=m+3\\2x+y=2m+1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-2y+x=m+3\\4x+2y=4m+2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x=5m+5\\4x+2y=4m+2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=m+1\\4\left(m+1\right)+2y=4m+2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=m+1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)Thay x=m+1 và y=-1 vào P= \(x^2+xy\) ta được:
P=\(\left(m+1\right)^2+\left(m+1\right).\left(-1\right)\)
=\(m^2+m\)
=\(m^2+m+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
=\(\left(m+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Ta luôn có: \(\left(m+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi m
\(\Rightarrow\left(m+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\ge-\dfrac{1}{4}\) với mọi m
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left(m+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}=-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(m+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow m+\dfrac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow m=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy P=x2+xy đạt giá trị nhỏ nhất là \(-\dfrac{1}{4}\) khi m=\(-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Lời giải:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x+y\leq 2\\ x^2+xy+y^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} (x+y)^2\leq 4\\ x^2+xy+y^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow (x+y)^2-(x^2+xy+y^2)\leq 1\Leftrightarrow xy\leq 1\)
Do đó:
\(t=x^2+y^2-xy=(x^2+y^2+xy)-2xy=3-2xy\geq 3-2.1=1\)
Mặt khác:
\(\frac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}=\frac{x^2+xy+y^2-2xy}{x^2+y^2+xy}=1-\frac{2xy}{x^2+xy+y^2}=3-(2+\frac{2xy}{x^2+xy+y^2})\)
\(=3-\frac{2(x+y)^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}=3-\frac{2(x+y)^2}{3}\leq 3\)
\(\Rightarrow t= x^2-xy+y^2\leq 3(x^2+xy+y^2)=3.3=9\)
Vậy \(t_{\min}=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)
\(t_{\max}=9\Leftrightarrow (x,y)=(\sqrt{3}; -\sqrt{3})\)và hoán vị