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a) a3+b3+a2c+b2c-abc
= (a+b)(a2-ab+b2)+c(a2+b2)-abc
=(a+b) [ (a+b)2-3ab]+c.[(a+b)2-2ab]-abc
=(a+b)(a+b)2-3ab(a+b)+c(a+b)2-3abc
=(a+b)2(a+b+c)-3ab(a+b+c)
=(a+b)2.0-3ab.0
=0
b) ax+ay+2x+2y+4
=a(x+y)+2(x+y)+4
=(x+y)(a+2)+4
=(a-2)(a+2)+4
=a2-4+4
=a2
c) A=1+x+x2+...+x49=>Ax=x+x2+x3+...+x50
- A=1+x+x2+...+x49
---> Ax-A=x50-1
d)(a+b)(a+c)+(c+a)(c+b)
=a2+ac+ab+bc+c2+bc+ac+ab
=a2+c2+2ac+2ab+2bc
=2b2+2bc+2ac+2ab
=2b(b+c)+2a(b+c)
=2b(b+c)(b+a)
a) Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Mà \(Vt\ge0\left(\forall a,b,c\right)\) nên dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Ta có : a2 + b2 + c2 = ab + bc + ca
=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 = 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca = 0
= (a2 - 2ab + b2) + (b2 - 2bc + c2) + (c2 - 2ca + a2) = 0
=> (a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (c - a)2 = 0
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a=b=c\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
b) Ta có : 2(x2 + t2) + (y + t)(y - t) = 2x(y + t)
=> 2x2 + 2t2 + y2 - t2 = 2xy + 2t
=> 2x2 + t2 + y2 = 2xt + 2xy
=> 2x2 + t2 + y2 - 2xt - 2xy = 0
=> (x2 - 2xy + y2) + (x2 + t2 - 2xt) = 0
=> (x - y)2 + (x - t)2 = 0
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=0\\x-t=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y\\x=t\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x=y=t\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
c) Ta có a + b + c = 0
=> (a + b + c)2 = 0
=> a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = 0
=> a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca) = 0
=> a2 + b2 + c2 = 0
=> a = b = c = 0
Khi đó A = (0 - 1)2003 + 02004 + (0 + 1)2005
= - 1 + 0 + 1 = 0
Vậy A = 0
\(x-y=1\Rightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2=1\Rightarrow x^2+xy+y^2=19\Rightarrow x^3-y^3=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)=1.19=19\)
\(2,a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2ab+2bc+2ca\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0ma:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\\\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(a+b+c=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=0\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2=4a^2b^2+4b^2c^2+4c^2a^2+4abc\left(a+b+c\right)=4a^2b^2+4c^2a^2+4b^2c^2\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)=a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\left(dpcm\right)\)
1. áp dụng BĐT cô-si:
\(\frac{c+ab}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{\frac{8}{9}}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{c+ab}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{\frac{8}{9}}}=2\sqrt{\frac{c+ab}{\frac{8}{9}}}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{a+bc}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{\frac{8}{9}}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a+bc}{\frac{8}{9}}}\) và \(\frac{a+ac}{a+c}+\frac{a+c}{\frac{8}{9}}\ge2\sqrt[]{\frac{b+ac}{\frac{8}{9}}}\)
cộng vế theo vế :M= \(\frac{c+ab}{a+b}+\frac{a+bc}{b+c}+\frac{b+ac}{a+c}+\frac{a+b}{\frac{8}{9}}+\frac{b+c}{\frac{8}{9}}+\frac{a+c}{\frac{8}{9}}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a+b+c+ab+bc+ac}{\frac{8}{9}}}\)(1)
mà a+b+c=1 và \(ab+bc+ac\le\frac{1}{3}\) ( tự chứng minh từ \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\) =>.....)
thay vào(1) => đpcm
1) 2( a2 + b2 ) ≥ ( a + b)2
<=> 2a2 + 2b2 - a2 - 2ab - b2 ≥ 0
<=> a2 - 2ab + b2 ≥ 0
<=> ( a - b )2 ≥ 0 ( luôn đúng )
=> đpcm
2) Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 2 số dương x , y , ta có :
a + b ≥ \(2\sqrt{ab}\)
=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) ≥ 2\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{y}}\)
=> ( x + y)( \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) ) ≥ \(2\sqrt{xy}\)2\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{y}}\)
=> ( x + y)( \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\)) ≥ 4
=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
b) VT=ax+2x+ay+2y+4=a\(^2\)
=a(x+y)+2(x+y)+4
=a(a-2)+2(a-2)+4
=\(a^2\)-2a+2a-4+4=a\(^2\)=VP