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Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{2}{b+c}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{3a+2b+3c}\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{2}{c+a}\right)\left(2\right)\\\frac{1}{3a+3b+2c}\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{2}{a+b}\right)\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Từ (1), (2), (3) \(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{16}.\left(\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{4}{b+c}+\frac{4}{c+a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}.2017=\frac{2017}{4}\)
Từ \(2a+2b+2c=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3bc}+\frac{2}{3ac}+\frac{2}{3ab}=1\left(1\right)\)
Khi đó \(P=\frac{b}{a^2}+\frac{c}{b^2}+\frac{a}{c^2}-\frac{2}{a^2}-\frac{2}{b^2}-\frac{2}{c^2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{b}{a^2}+\frac{c}{b^2}+\frac{a}{c^2}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b}{a^2}\cdot\frac{c}{b^2}\cdot\frac{a}{c^2}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\)
\(P_{Min}\) xảy ra khi \(\frac{b}{a^2}+\frac{c}{b^2}+\frac{a}{c^2}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\forall a=b=c\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\Rightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{2}\)
Khi đó \(P_{Min}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}-\frac{2}{a^2}-\frac{2}{b^2}-\frac{2}{c^2}=\frac{3\sqrt{2}-6}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\sqrt{2}\)
Bài này giải như này cơ:
\(2a+2b+2c=3abc\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(P=\frac{\left(a-1\right)+\left(b-1\right)}{a^2}+\frac{\left(b-1\right)+\left(c-1\right)}{b^2}+\frac{\left(c-1\right)+\left(a-1\right)}{c^2}-\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=\left(a-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)+\left(b-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)+\left(c-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{2\left(a-1\right)}{ac}+\frac{2\left(b-1\right)}{ab}+\frac{2\left(c-1\right)}{bc}-\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)=\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-3\)
\(\ge\sqrt{3\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)}-3=\sqrt{3.\frac{3}{2}}-3=\frac{3\sqrt{2}-6}{2}\)
Vậy \(minP=\frac{3\sqrt{2}-6}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{2}\)
GT => (a+1)(b+1)(c+1)=(a+1)+(b+1)+(c+1)
Đặt \(\frac{1}{a+1}=x,\frac{1}{1+b}=y,\frac{1}{c+1}=z\), ta cần tìm min của\(\frac{x}{x^2+1}+\frac{y}{y^2+1}+\frac{z}{z^2+1}\)với xy+yz+zx=1
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(z+x\right)+z\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)Mà (x+y)(y+z)(z+x) >= 8/9 (x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz) >= \(\frac{8\sqrt{3}}{9}\) nên \(M\)=< \(\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\),dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c=\(\sqrt{3}-1\)
Theo giả thiết, ta có: \(abc+ab+bc+ca=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc+ab+bc+ca+a+b+c+1=a+b+c+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)=\left(a+1\right)+\left(b+1\right)+\left(c+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+1\right)}=1\)
Đặt \(\left(a+1;b+1;c+1\right)\rightarrow\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{x};\frac{\sqrt{3}}{y};\frac{\sqrt{3}}{z}\right)\). Khi đó giả thiết bài toán được viết lại thành xy + yz + zx = 3
Ta có: \(M=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a+1}{a^2+2a+2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a+1}{\left(a+1\right)^2+1}\)\(=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{a+1+\frac{1}{a+1}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{x}+\frac{x}{\sqrt{3}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{x}{x^2+3}+\frac{y}{y^2+3}+\frac{z}{z^2+3}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{3}\text{}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{x}{x^2+xy+yz+zx}\right)=\sqrt{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}\right)=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)hay \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}-1\)
Bài 4: Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM, ta có: \(P=\text{}\Sigma_{cyc}a\sqrt{b^3+1}=\Sigma_{cyc}a\sqrt{\left(b+1\right)\left(b^2-b+1\right)}\le\Sigma_{cyc}a.\frac{\left(b+1\right)+\left(b^2-b+1\right)}{2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{ab^2+2a}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\right)+3\)Giả sử b là số nằm giữa a và c thì \(\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\le0\Rightarrow b^2+ac\le ab+bc\)\(\Leftrightarrow ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\le a^2b+abc+bc^2\le a^2b+2abc+bc^2=b\left(a+c\right)^2=b\left(3-b\right)^2\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(b\left(3-b\right)^2\le4\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-4\right)\left(b-1\right)^2\le0\)(đúng với mọi \(b\in[0;3]\))
Từ đó suy ra \(\frac{1}{2}\left(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\right)+3\le\frac{1}{2}.4+3=5\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = 2; b = 1; c = 0 và các hoán vị
Bài 1: Đặt \(a=xc,b=yc\left(x,y>0\right)\)thì điều kiện giả thiết trở thành \(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=4\)
Khi đó \(P=\frac{x}{y+3}+\frac{y}{x+3}+\frac{xy}{x+y}=\frac{x^2+y^2+3\left(x+y\right)}{xy+3\left(x+y\right)+9}+\frac{xy}{x+y}\)\(=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2+3\left(x+y\right)-2xy}{xy+3\left(x+y\right)+9}+\frac{xy}{x+y}\)
Có: \(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=4\Rightarrow xy=3-\left(x+y\right)\)
Đặt \(t=x+y\left(0< t< 3\right)\Rightarrow xy=3-t\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}=\frac{t^2}{4}\Rightarrow t\ge2\)(do t > 0)
Lúc đó \(P=\frac{t^2+3t-2\left(3-t\right)}{3-t+3t+9}+\frac{3-t}{t}=\frac{t}{2}+\frac{3}{t}-\frac{3}{2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{t}{2}.\frac{3}{t}}-\frac{3}{2}=\sqrt{6}-\frac{3}{2}\)với \(2\le t< 3\)
Vậy \(MinP=\sqrt{6}-\frac{3}{2}\)đạt được khi \(t=\sqrt{6}\)hay (x; y) là nghiệm của hệ \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=\sqrt{6}\\xy=3-\sqrt{6}\end{cases}}\)
Ta lại có \(P=\frac{t^2-3t+6}{2t}=\frac{\left(t-2\right)\left(t-3\right)}{2t}+1\le1\)(do \(2\le t< 3\))
Vậy \(MaxP=1\)đạt được khi t = 2 hay x = y = 1
\(P=\frac{a^2-1+1}{a-1}+\frac{2\left(b^2-1+1\right)}{b-1}+\frac{3\left(c^2-1+1\right)}{c-1}\)
\(P=a-1+2+\frac{1}{a-1}+2\left(b-1\right)+4+\frac{2}{b-1}+3\left(c-1\right)+6+\frac{3}{c-1}\)
=>\(P=a-1+\frac{1}{a-1}+2\left(b-1\right)+\frac{2}{b-1}+3\left(c-1\right)+\frac{3}{c-1}+12\)
ap dung bdt co si ta co
xay ra dau = khi va chi khi a=b=c=2
\(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)+2\left(b+c\right)}\)
Sử dụng bất đẳng thức COSI quen thuộc \(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
=>\(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b+a+c}+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{16\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{16\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{8\left(b+c\right)}\)
Làm tương tự đối với 2 biểu thức kia ta dc P\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)=\frac{2017}{4}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{4034}\)
dùng Bất Đẳng Thức Cauchy chứng minh: với các số dương x;y;z;t
\(\left(x+y+z+t\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{t}\right)\ge16\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{t}\le\frac{16}{x+y+z+t}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z=t áp dụng vào bài toán ta có
\(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}=\frac{1}{16}\cdot\frac{16}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{2}{b+c}\right)\)
từ đó tìm được maxP=502,25 dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{4034}\)
đặt a-1=x ; b-1=y; c-1=z (x,y,z>0)
\(P=\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{x}+\frac{2\left(y+1\right)^2}{y}+\frac{3\left(z+1\right)^2}{z}\)
\(=\frac{x^2+2x+1}{x}+\frac{2y^2+4y+2}{y}+\frac{3z^2+6z+3}{z}\)
\(=x+2+\frac{1}{x}+2y+4+\frac{2}{y}+3z+6+\frac{3}{z}\)
\(=\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)+\left(2y+\frac{2}{y}\right)+\left(3z+\frac{3}{z}\right)+12\)
Với x,y,z>0 áp dụng bđt AM-GM ta có: \(x+\frac{1}{x}\ge2\sqrt{x\cdot\frac{1}{x}}=2\)
\(2y+\frac{2}{y}\ge2\sqrt{2y\cdot\frac{2}{y}}=4;3z+\frac{3}{z}\ge2\sqrt{3z\cdot\frac{3}{z}}=6\)
Suy ra \(P\ge2+4+6+12=24\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{1}{x}\\2y=\frac{2}{y}\\3z=\frac{3}{z}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\)