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1 a) \(\dfrac{\left(-2\right)}{5}\)= \(\dfrac{-6}{15}\); \(\dfrac{15}{-6}\)= \(\dfrac{5}{-2}\); \(\dfrac{-6}{-2}\)= \(\dfrac{15}{5}\); \(\dfrac{-2}{-6}\)= \(\dfrac{5}{15}\)
\(a,3x=-5y\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{-5}=\dfrac{y}{3}\) và \(y-x=-3\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau có:
\(\dfrac{x}{-5}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{y-x}{3-\left(-5\right)}=-\dfrac{3}{8}\)
+) \(\dfrac{x}{-5}=\dfrac{3}{8}\Rightarrow8x=-15\Rightarrow x=-\dfrac{15}{8}\)
+) \(\dfrac{y}{3}=-\dfrac{3}{8}\Rightarrow8y=-9\Rightarrow y=-\dfrac{9}{8}\)
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a. Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{2x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{7}=\dfrac{y-2x}{7-5}=\dfrac{24}{2}=12\)
\(\Rightarrow2x=12\cdot5=60\Rightarrow x=60:2=30\)
\(y=12\cdot7=84\)
Vậy x = 30 ; y = 84
b. Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{2}=\dfrac{x+3y}{3+2\cdot3}=\dfrac{18}{9}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow x=2\cdot3=6\)
\(y=2\cdot2=4\)
Vậy x = 6 ; y = 4
c. Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2+3+4}=\dfrac{18}{9}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow x=2\cdot2=4\)
\(y=3\cdot2=6\)
\(z=4\cdot2=8\)
Vậy x = 4 ; y = 6 ; z = 8
d. Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{4}=\dfrac{x-y-z}{2-3-4}=\dfrac{15}{-5}=-3\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-3\cdot2=-6\)
\(y=-3\cdot3=-9\)
\(z=-3\cdot4=-12\)
Vậy \(x=-4;y=-6;z=-8\)
a) Ta có:
\(x+y+z=49\Rightarrow12x+12y+12z=588\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{2x}{3}=\dfrac{3y}{4}=\dfrac{4z}{5}=\dfrac{12x}{18}=\dfrac{12y}{16}=\dfrac{12z}{15}=\dfrac{12x+12y+12z}{18+16+15}=\dfrac{588}{49}=12\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=12.3:2\\y=12.4:3\\z=12.5:4\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=18\\y=16\\z=15\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}\) và \(xyz=810\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}=k\)
=> \(x=2k\) ; \(y=3k\) ; \(z=5k\)
Thay \(x=2k;y=3k;z=5k\) vào \(xyz=810\) ta được
\(2k.3k.5k=810\)
\(30k=810\)
\(k^3=27\)
=> k = 3
=> \(x=2.3=6\)
=> \(y=3.3=9\)
=> \(z=5.3=15\)
a) Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau,ta có :
\(\dfrac{y+z+1}{x}=\dfrac{x+z+2}{y}=\dfrac{x+y-3}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
\(=\dfrac{y+z+1+x+z+2+x+y-3}{x+y+z}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x+2y+2z}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{2\cdot\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y+z+1}{x}=2\Rightarrow y+z+1=2x\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+z+2}{y}=2\Rightarrow x+z+2=2y\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y-3}{z}=2\Rightarrow x+y-3=2z\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}=2\Rightarrow x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
+) \(x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow y+z=\dfrac{1}{2}-x\)
Thay vào \(y+z+1=2x\) ; ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{2}-x+1=2x\Rightarrow3x=\dfrac{3}{2}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
+) \(x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow x+z=\dfrac{1}{2}-y\)
Thay vào \(x+z+2=2y\) ; ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{2}-y+2=2y\Rightarrow3y=\dfrac{5}{2}\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{5}{6}\)
+) \(x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow x+y=\dfrac{1}{2}-z\)
Thay vào \(x+y-3=2z\) ; ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{2}-z-3=2z\Rightarrow3z=\dfrac{-5}{2}\Rightarrow z=\dfrac{-5}{6}\)
Vậy \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=\dfrac{5}{6}\\z=\dfrac{-5}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu a)
\(2\left(x-1\right)-3\left(2x+2\right)-4\left(2x+3\right)=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-2-6x-6-8x-12=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-12x-20=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-12x=16+20\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-12x=36\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-3\)
Vậy \(x=-3\)
Câu c)
\(\dfrac{2x-y}{5}=\dfrac{3x-2z}{15}\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3\left(2x-y\right)}{3\times5}=\dfrac{3x-2z}{15}\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{6x-3y}{15}=\dfrac{3x-2z}{15}\)
\(\Rightarrow6x-3y=3x-2z\)
\(\Rightarrow6x-3x+2z=3y\)
\(\Rightarrow3x+2z=3y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x+2z\right)+x=3y\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+z\right)+x=3y\)
\(\Rightarrow2\times2y+x=3y\)
\(\Rightarrow4y+x=3y\)
\(\Rightarrow x=3y-4y\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-y\)
a . \(\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
=> \(\left(x+1\right).4=3.\left(x-2\right)\)
=> \(4x+4=3x-6\)
=> \(4x-3x=-6-4\)
=> x = -10
b. \(\dfrac{2x-3}{x+1}=\dfrac{4}{7}\)
=> \(\left(2x-3\right).7=4.\left(x+1\right)\)
=> \(14x-21=4x+4\)
=> \(14x-4x=4+21\)
=> \(10x=25\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
c. \(\dfrac{2x+4}{7}=\dfrac{4x-2}{15}\)
=> \(\left(2x+4\right).15=\left(4x-2\right).7\)
=> \(30x+60=28x-14\)
=> \(30x-28x=-14-60\)
=> \(2x=-74\)
=> \(x=-37\)
#Yiin
a, \(\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Rightarrow4\left(x+1\right)=3\left(x-2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4x+4=3x-6\)
\(\Rightarrow4x-3x=-6-4\Rightarrow x=-10\)
b, \(\dfrac{2x-3}{x+1}=\dfrac{4}{7}\Rightarrow7\left(2x-3\right)=4\left(x+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow14x-21=4x+4\)
\(\Rightarrow14x-4x=4+21\Rightarrow10x=25\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
c, \(\dfrac{2x+4}{7}=\dfrac{4x-2}{15}\Rightarrow15\left(2x+4\right)=7\left(4x-2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow30x+60=28x-14\)
\(\Rightarrow30x-28x=-14-60\)
\(\Rightarrow2x=-74\Rightarrow x=-37\)
1.
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{4}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5k\\y=4k\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-y^2=\left(5k\right)^2-\left(4k\right)^2=25k^2-16k^2=9k^2=4\)
\(\Rightarrow k^2=\dfrac{4}{9}\Rightarrow k=\pm\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(\circledast k=\dfrac{2}{3}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{10}{3}\\y=\dfrac{8}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\circledast k=-\dfrac{2}{3}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{10}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{8}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
2.
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{2x+1}{5}=\dfrac{3y-2}{7}=\dfrac{2x+1+3y-2}{5+7}=\dfrac{2x+3y-1}{12}=\dfrac{2x+3y-1}{6x}\)
\(\Rightarrow6x=12\Rightarrow x=2\)
\(\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{\dfrac{2\cdot2+1}{5}\cdot7+2}{3}=3\)
3.
\(\dfrac{x-1}{2}=\dfrac{y-2}{3}=\dfrac{z-3}{4}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x-2}{4}=\dfrac{3y-6}{9}=\dfrac{z-3}{4}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{2x-2}{4}=\dfrac{3y-6}{9}=\dfrac{z-3}{4}=\dfrac{2x-2+3y-6-\left(z-3\right)}{4+9-4}=\dfrac{95-8+3}{9}=10\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{10\cdot4+2}{2}=21\\y=\dfrac{10\cdot9+6}{3}=32\\z=10\cdot4+3=43\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(\dfrac{x-4}{15}=\dfrac{5}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-4=15.\dfrac{5}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-4=25\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=29\) thỏa \(x\inℤ\)
b) \(\dfrac{x}{4}=\dfrac{18}{x+1}\left(x\ne-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+1\right)=18.4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+1\right)=72\)
vì \(72=8.9=\left(-8\right).\left(-9\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{8;-9\right\}\left(x\inℤ\right)\)
c) \(2x+3⋮x+4\) \(\left(x\ne-4;x\inℤ\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+3-2\left(x+4\right)⋮x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+3-2x-8⋮x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-5⋮x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+4\in\left\{-1;1;-5;5\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{-5;-3;-9;1\right\}\)