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1. save some money or you won't able to buy the house
=> if................i save some money, you will able to buy the house.................
2. because i don't meet her, i don't give her your letter
=> if.............i met her, i would give her your letter.......................
3. they are too slow, they can't win the match
=> if................they were too slow, they couldn't win the match..................
4. she is too weak, she can't take any exercise
=> if..................she were too weak, she couldn't any exercise..................
5. people don't understand him because he doesn't speak clearly
=> if.................he spoke clearly, people could understand him..................
6. i didn't watch tv last night because i was busy
=> if.............i hadn't been busy, i would have watched Tv.......................
7. i didn't see the signal, so i didn't stop
=> if..............i saw the signal, i would stop.......................
8. we got lost because we didn't have a map
=> if..................we had a map, we wouldn't get lost................
9. we stayed up late last night and we were so tired
=> if.................we hadn't stayed up late last night, we wouldn't have been so tired.................
10. he wasn't able to answer the questions, so he failed the exam
=> if................he had been able to answer the questions, he wouldn't have failed the exam................
1. He last went to see his grandparents a month ago.
--> He has not seen his grandparents for a month.
2. They haven't visited Nga for half a year.
--> They last visited Nga half a year ago.
3. The last time T came here was 10 years ago
--> I haven't come here for 10 years.
4. The last time I saw Dick was in 1995.
--> I haven't seen Dick since 1995.
5. Mary has been working in this company for five years.
--> Mary began/started working in this company 5 years ago.
6. No sooner had we finished the test than the bell rang.
--> Hardly had we finished the test when the bell rang.
7. Hardly had they arrived at the airport when it began tp rain.
--> No sooner had they arrived at the airport than it began to rain.
8. I have never met a famous person before.
--> This is the first time I have met a famous person.
9. This is the first time she has seen this man here.
--> She has not seen this man here before.
10. This is the first birthday time she has attended such an enjoyable birthday party.
--> She has never attended such an enjoyable birthday party before.
11. They spent two hours doing these exercises at home.
--> It took them two hours to do these exercises at home.
12. If you don't have a rest, you really will be ill.
--> Unless you have a rest, you really will be ill.
13. You won't lose weight if you don't stop eating much.
--> Unless you stop eating much, you won't lose weight.
14. Unless he phones immediately, he won't get any information.
--> If he doesn't phone immediately, he won't get any information.
15.you can't visit London unless you get a visa.
--> If you don't get a visa, you can't visit London.
16. She works hard, so she earns a lot of money.
--> If she doesn't work hard, she won't earn a lot of money.
17. I didn't send her an invitation because I didn't findher address.
--> If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
18.We got lost because we didn't have a map.
--> If we had got a map, we wouldn't have got lost.
19. Without his help,we would all have died.
--> If it hadn't been for your help, we would all have died.
20. I would like to go fishing,but I don't have much time.
--> If I had much time, I would go fishing.
I. Rewrite the following sentences
1. My father often walks in the park with my mother every morning
=> My father often has a walk in the park with my mother every morning.
2. They seldom went to the cinema last year
=> Seldom went they to the cinema last year.
3. We didn't intend to go for a walk with them
=> We had not intention to go for a walk with them.
4. He doesn't smoke anymore, but he smoked a lot 2 year ago
=> He used to smoke a lot 2 years ago but he doesn't anymore.
5. Apples are usually cheaper than oranges
=> Apples are not usually as expensive as oranges.
6. My salary is high but his is very high
=> His salary is higher than my salary.
7. I can't cook as well as my mother does
=> My mother cooks better than I do.
8. Unless it stops raining, we won't go out
=> If it doesn't stop raining, we won't go out.
9. She didn't cook as well as you did
=> You cooked better than she does.
10. Unless someone has a key, we can't get into the house
=> We can only get into the house if someone has the key
11. Because of being careful, she didn't make any mistakes in her answers
=> Because she was careful, she didn't make any mistakes in her answers.
12. She said ''I'll spend my holiday in Italy next year''
=> She said that she would spend her holiday in Italy the next year.
13. She didn't buy it because the price was too high
=> Because of the high price, she didn't buy it.
14. We didn't go on holiday because we didn't have enough mone
=> If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday.
15. The question was so difficult that we can't answer it
=> The question was too difficult for us to answer.
II. Write the following sentences as directed
1. She has just completed the picture. The composition of the picture was suggested by me
=> The picture whose composition was suggested by me has just been completed.
2. Such a situation should never again be allowed to arise
=> Never again should never such a situation again be allowed to arise.
3. If you want to make your life worth living, make yourself useful
=> Making youself useful in order to make your life worth living.
4. They said he had left Paris secretly in his private car
=> It was said that he had left Paris secretly in his private car.
5. Tom didn't do his test well because he didn't study his lessons carefully
=> If Tom had studied his lessons carefully, he would have done his test well.
6. They had such a good crop that they decided to give a party
=> The crop was so good that they decided to give a party.
7. He made a great discovery. He took pride in it
=> He took pride in having made a great discovery.
8. You may be intelligent, but you should be careful about this
=> No matter how intelligent you are, you should be careful about this.
9. He asked me if I was ready to carry out other assignments
=> He said to me ''Are you ready to carry out other assignments ?''
10. ''Which of you has put the ink on my chair?'' The teacher said
=> The teacher asked me which of me had put the ink on her chair.
I. Rewrite the following sentences
1. My father said I could use his car
=> My father allowed me to use his car
2. Scientist began to carry out researches on AIDS in 1980
=> Researches on AIDS began to be carried out in 1980 by scientist
3. That girl is very beautiful
=> How beautiful girl is !
4. The last time I wrote to him was in 1996
=> I haven't written to him since 1996.
5. It took him onl ten minutes to get there
=> He spent only ten minutes getting there.
6. I didn't meet him yesterday so I couldn't tell him about that
=> If I had met him yesterday, I could have told him about that.
7. Could you turn the radio down please?
=> Would you mind turning the radio down ?
8. The man was very tired, so he didn't answer my question
=> The man was too tired to answer my question.
9. Nobody could move the piano. It was too heavy
=> It was such a heavy piano that nobody could move it.
10. You'd better apologize to Sally
=> I advice you to apologize to Sally.
11. The last time I saw her was in 1985
=> I haven't seen her since 1985.
12. That meal was excellent
=> How excellent meal was!
13. That factory is producing more and more pollution
=> More and more pollution is being produced by that factory.
14. We must leave now or we'll miss the train
=> If we don't leave now, we'll miss the train
15. She is a faster and more careless driver than I am
=> She drives more fast and more carelessly than I do.
16. How old do you think this building is?
=> When do you think this building was built?
17. He is sorry now that he didn't invite Jane to his party
=> He wishes that he had invited Jane to his party.
18. This furniture is so old that it is not worth keeping
=> This is such so furniture that it is not worth keeping.
19. We spent five hours getting to London
=> It took us five hours to get to London.
20. When I arrived in London, I wrote a letter home
=> On my arrival to London, I wrote a letter home.
II. Rewrite these sentences as directed in parentheses
1. All the teachers love him because his behaviour is good
=> Because of his good behaviour, all the teachers love him.
2. He gave up his job because he was ill
=> Because of his illness, he gave up his job.
3. Because of the darkness, he couldn't read the letter
=> Because it was dark, he couldn't read the letter.
4. Mr. David no longer works here
=> No longer does Mr David work here.
5. I didn't have time. I didn't go shopping
=> If I had had time, I would have gone shopping.
6. They had converted the major part of the temple into ''Lenin's room''
=> The major part of the temple had been converted into ''Lenin's room''
7. I'm sorry that I didn't learnt to type
=> I wish I had learnt to type.
8. She has to quit smoking or she will die
=> If she doesn't quit smoking, she will die.
9. He spent a whole day repairing the radio
=> It took him a whole day repairing the radio.
10. More newspapers are being sold in this city
=> People are selling more newspapers in this city.
11. She sings more beautifully than you do
=> You don't sing as beautifully as she does.
12. You had to pay the bill before the fifth of the month
=> The bill had to be paid before the fifth of the month.
13. The tea was too hot for her to drink
=> The tea was so hot that she couldn't drink it.
14. If is doesn't rain, they will go for a picnic
=> Unless it rains, they will go for a picnic
15. The child will die it nobody sends for a doctor
=> Unless somebody sends for a doctor, the child will die.
16. I don't have enough money, so I can't buy a computer
=> If I had enough money , I could buy a computer.
17. If you don't rest yourself you will be ill
=> Unless you rest yourself, you will be ill.
18. It was such a crazy story that nobody belive it
=> The story was so crazy that nobody believe it.
19. They had such a good crop that they decided to give a party
=> Their crop was so good that they decided to give a party.
20. ''How long will it take us to get there?'' she said
=> She wanted to know how long it would take them to get there.
Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences that keep the same meaning.
1. It isn’t necessary to finish the work to day.
=> You don’t ……have to finish the work today.…………..
2. Sally finally managed to get a job.
=> Sally finally succeeded …in getting a job.…………….
3. That’s the last time I go to that restaurant.
=> I certainly………won’t go to that restaurant any more.……
4. “I advise you to take a holiday,” the doctor continued.
=> You’d ……better take a holiday.…..
5. If you don’t rest yourself you really will be ill.
=> Unless ………you rest yourself you really will be ill.………….
6. I should someone to take me out to dinner.
=> What I should …………like is being/ to be taken out to dinner.……..………..
7. Martin may not be very well but he still manages to enjoy life.
=> Martin’s poor ………..…health doesn’t / can’t prevent / stop him ( from ) enjoying life.……..
8. They’ll have to take the dog on holiday with them.
=> They can’t leave ……… their dog behind when they go/are on holiday.………..…….
9. My aunt got heavily stressed because her marriage broke up.
=> The break-up of the marriage…………made my aunt heavily stressed.…
10. I can’t believe that he passed the exam.
=> I find…………it hard to believe that he passed the exam.……………
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences that keep the same meaning.
1. This is the fastest way to get to the city center.
=> There …………is no faster way than this to get to the city center........................
2. If anyone succeeds in solving the problems, it will probably be him.
=> He is the most ……ly person to succeed in solving the problems.........
3. We arrived too late to see the first film.
=> We didn’t …………arrive early enough to see the first film.............
4. “Would you mind not smoking in here?”
=> I’d rather …….you didn’t smoke in here.....
5. He wrote the letter in two hours.
=> It took ……......him 2 hours to write the letter..........
6. “Why don’t we go out for a walk?”
=> My father suggested …….we should go out for a while.…...........
7. In spite of his age, Mr. Benson runs 8 miles before breakfast.
=> Though ……..........Mr.Benson is old, He runs 8 miles before breakfast..
8. I was very interested in our conversation.
=> It was interesting .……....to talk to you........
9. Why did you do that ?
=> Whatever …….did you do that for ?.............?
10. These bookshelves are my own work.
=> I made ……these bookshelves myself.
change the following statements into reported speeh
1.My father is in hospital.=>jim said his father was in hospital
2.Nora and Jim are getting married next month.=>She said Nora and Jim were getting married the next month
3.I haven't seen Bill for a while.=>Tim said he hadn't seen BIll for a while
4.I've been playing tennis a lot recently.=>my father said he had been playing tennis a lot recently
5.Margaret has had a baby.=>she said margaret had had a baby
6.I don't know what Fred is doing.=>George said he didn’t know what Fred was doing
7.I hardly ever go out these days.=>he said he hardly ever went out those days
8.I work 14 hours a day.=>lan'brother said he worked 14 hours a day
9.I'll tel Jim I saw you.=>he said he would tell Jim he had seen me
10.you can come and stay with me if you are in london=>Bill said I could come and stay with him if I was in London
11.Tom had an accident last week but he wasn't injured.=>Joe said Tom had had an accident the previous week but he hadn’t been injured
12.I saw Jack at a party a few months ago and he seemed fine.=>Jone said he had seen Jack at a party a few months ago and he had seemed fine
13.I can't come to the party on Friday.=>binh said he couldn't come to the party on Friday
14.I want to go on holiday but I don't know where to go=>the girl said she wanted to go on holiday but she didn''t know where to go
15.We have a lift but very often it doesn't work.=>they said they had a lift but very often it didn't work
16.It isn't so rainy today as it was yesterday=>he remarked it wasn't so rainy today that day as it had been the previous day
17.the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.=>the teacher said that
the sun rose in the east and set in the west
1.i will get a work permit. i will stay for another month.
=>if I don’t get a work permit, I won’t stay for another month.
2.he doesn't take any exercies. he is so unheathy.
=>if he took any exaecises, he would be healthy.
3. we can't get the ticket because i don't have the right change.
=>if I had the right chance, we could get the ticket.
4.study hard or you won't pass the exam.
=>if you don’t study hard, you won’t pass the exam.
5.don't be impatient or you will make mistakes.
=>if you are impatient, you will make mistakes.
6.i didn't eat lunch, i feel hungry now
=>if i I had eaten lunch I wouldn't have felt hungry now
7.i only come if they invite me
=>unless they invite me, I won't come
8.he didn't revise all his lessons, he failed the exam.
=>if he wouldn't have failed the exam.
9.the park is over there,only 5 minutes' walk.
=>if you walk to the park, it will take you 5 minutes.
10.leave me alone or i'll call the police.
=>unless you leave me alone i won't call the police.
Ex1 : Rewriting sentences
1. I didn't eat lunch, i feel hungry now
-> if i .....had eaten lunch, I wouldn't feel hungry now .........
2. if hadn't rained, we would have a better crop
-> but for....rain, we would have a better crop.......
3. if you want my advice, i wouldn't buy it
-> if i ...were you, I wouldn't buy it ........
4. i only come if they invite me
-> unless.......they invite me, I will come.........
5. he didn't revise all his lesson, he failed the exam
-> if he .......had revised all his lesson, he wouldn't have failed the exam........
6. his sister sent her money, so he continued to study
-> but for.........his sister's money, he wouldn't have continued to study..........
7. the park is over there, only 5 minutes walk
-> if you walk........5 minutes, the park is over there...........
8. in case it rains, we'll stay at home
-> if it ........rains, we will stay at home.............
9. we got lost because we didn't have a map
-> if.....we had had a map, we wouldn't have got lost........
10. i don't know the answer, so i can't tell you
-> if......I knew the answer, I could tell you........
11. Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes
->.....If Susan hadn't eaten four cream cakes, she wouldn't have felt sick........
12. without this treatment, the patient would have die
->.........But for this treatment, the patient would have died...........
13. i'll only help you if you promise to try harder
-> unless.......you promise to try harder, I won't help you ......
14. i'm afraid i haven't got time to listen to you
-> i wish...........I had got time to listen to you ........
15. if i were you i'd look for another job
->i suggest.........looking for another job ...........
16. i would love to be famous and rich
-> if only........I was famous and rich...........
17. it's such a pity youf sister can't come as well
-> if only.........your sister could come .................
18. thanks to his aunt's legacy of $ 10,000 he was able to buy the house he wanted
-> had did.........his aunt give him a legacy of $10,000, he would have been to buy the house he wanted.............
19. it would have been a superb weekend if it hadn't been for the weather
-> but.............for the weather, it would have been a superb weekend...........
20. the only reason the party was a success was that a film star attended
-> had it not.........for a film star's attendence, the party wouldn't have been a success............
21. robert is sorry now that he didn't accept the job
->.........Robert regrets not having accepted the job .....
4. i only come if they invite me
-> unless.......they invite me, I will not come.........
7. the park is over there, only 5 minutes walk
-> if you walk to the park over there, it takes you only 5 minutes.
16. i would love to be famous and rich
-> if only........I were famous and rich...........
20/ thanh is sorry she doesn't live near her school
=> mary wishes she lived near her school.
21/ his parents are both retired. They now live in Spain
=> His parents have retired to Spain.
22/ we don't visit you very often beacause you live so far away
=> if you didn't live so far away, we would visit you very often.
23/ They decided to go out. If rained heavily
=> athough it rained heavily, they decided to go out.
24/ Let's go to school by bike instead of by motorbike
=> I suggest going to school by bike instead of by motorbike.
25/ could you turn the radio down ?
=> Would you mind turning the radio down?
26/ "Can you play the piano? "
=> We asked the boy if he could play the piano.
27/ Henry started jogging. He felt he was too fat (because)
=> Because Henry felt he was too fat, he started jogging.
28/ he works in the evening. He has no time to play with his children (if)
=> If he didn't work in the evening, he would have time to play with his children.
29/ Nam doesn't have an alarm clock. So he never goes to school on time (If )
=> If Nam had an alarm clock, he would go to school on time.
30/ he doesn 't have a car so he goes to work by bus (if)
=> If he had a car, he wouldn't go to work by bus.
31/ Nam doesn't work hard, so he fail the test (If)
=> If Nam worked hard, he woudn't fail the test.
32/ she did not eat much . She was hungry ( although)
=> Athough she was hungry, she didn't eat much.
33/ she asked me, "where does your father work ?"
=> she asked me where my father worked.
34/ My mother makes these artificial flowers of silk
=> these artificial flowers of silk are made by my mother.
35/ He always gets up late in the morning
=> he wishes he didn't get up late in the morning.
36/" DO you like pop music " Hoa asked Lan .(change into reported speech)
=> Hoa asked Lan if Lan liked pop music.
37/ " Are you interested in this language Center ?" Tuan asked Lan
=> Tuan asked Lan if Lan was interested in this language center.
38/ He doesn't know Mary's address
=> He wishes he knew Mary's address.
1. She doesn't live in London because she doesn't know anyone there. =>She'd live in London if she knew someone there.
2. I can't live in the country because I can't find a job there.
=> I'd live in the country if I could find a job there.
3. I don't have a spare ticket. I can't take you to the concert.
=> If I had a spare ticket, I could take you to the concert
4. The schoolchildren sowed some seeds, but they forgot to water them so they didn't grow.
=> If the children had watered some seeds, they would have grown
5. They don't understand the problem. They won't find a solution.
=> If they understood the problem, they would find a solution
6. He sits around too much. He isn't fit.
=> If he were fit, he wouldn't sit around too much
7. Carol didn't answer the phone because she was studying.
=> If Carol hadn't been studying, he would have answered the phone.
8. Rita is exhausted today because she didn't get any sleep last night.
=> If Rita had slept last night, she wouldn't be exhausted today (if mix)
9. She's very thin; perhaps that's why she feels cold so much.
=> If she weren't very thin, she wouldn't feel cold so much. (có thể sử dụng wasn't)
10. He never polishes his shoes, so he never looks smart.
=> If he polished his shoes, he would look smart.
đều sử dụng if 2 và 3, có 1 câu if mix 3,2 còn đâu áp dụng cấu trúc là ra