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Ta có:
\(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{xy}{ab}+\frac{yz}{bc}+\frac{xz}{ac}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2.\frac{xyz}{abc}\left(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}=1\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\Rightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\left(1\right)\)
Mặt khác:
\(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}=1\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{xy}{ab}+\frac{yz}{bc}+\frac{zx}{ac}\right)=\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2.\frac{cxy+ayz+bzx}{abc}=1\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có đpcm.
Từ \(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}=1\), suy ra \(\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{xy}{ab}+\frac{yz}{bc}+\frac{xz}{ac}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2\frac{xyz}{abc}\left(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}\right)=1\) \(\left(1\right)\)
Mà \(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\) (theo gt) nên từ \(\left(1\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}=1\) \(\left(đpcm\right)\)
Vi de bai bao c/m
Nen se dung la nhu the
Neu khong dung nhu the
Chung to de bai... SAI !!!
He he...
đặt a = 2x+y+z ; b = 2y+z+x ; c = 2z+x+y => a+b+c = 4x+4y+4z
=> a - (a+b+c)/4 = x => x = (3a-b-c)/4 ; tương tự y = (3b-c-a)/4 ; z = (3c-a-b)/4
thay vào vế trái ta có
P = (3a-b-c)/4a + (3b-c-a)/4b + (3c-a-b)/4c =
= 9/4 - (b/4a + c/4a + c/4b + a/4b + a/4c + b/4c)
= 9/4 - (1/4)(b/a+a/b + c/a+a/c + c/b+b/c)
Côsi cho từng cặp ta có: b/a+a/b ≥ 2 ; c/a+a/c ≥ 2 ; c/b+b/c ≥ 2
=> b/a+a/b + c/a+a/c + c/b+b/c ≥ 6
=> -(1/4)(b/a+a/b +c/a+a/c + c/b+b/c) ≤ -6/4 thay vào P ta có:
P ≤ 9/4 - 6/4 = 3/4 (đpcm) ; dấu "=" khi a = b = c hay x = y = z
cách này tuy biến đổi dài nhưng dễ hiểu)
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Cách khác:
P = x/(2x+y+z) -1 + y/(2y+z+x) -1 + z/(2z+x+y) - 1 + 3
= -(x+y+z)/(2x+y+z) -(x+y+z)/(2y+z+x) -(x+y+z)/(2z+x+y) + 3
= -(x+y+z).[1/(2x+y+z) + 1/(2y+z+x) + 1/(2z+x+y)] + 3
- - -
Côsi cho 3 số:
2x+y+z + 2y+z+x + 2z+x+y ≥ 3.³√(2x+y+z)(2y+z+x)(2z+x+y)
=> 4(x+y+z) ≥ 3.³√(2x+y+z)(2y+z+x)(2z+x+y) (1*)
Côsi cho 3 số:
1/(2x+y+z)+1/(2y+z+x)+1/(2z+x+y) ≥ 3³√1/(2x+y+z)(2y+z+x)(2z+x+y) (2*)
Lấy (1*) *(2*) ta có:
4(x+y+z)[1/(2x+y+z) + 1/(2y+z+x) + 1/(2z+x+y)] ≥ 9
=> -(x+y+z).[1/(2x+y+z) + 1/(2y+z+x) + 1/(2z+x+y)] ≤ -9/4
thay vào P ta có:
P ≤ -9/4 + 3 = 3/4 (đpcm) ; dấu "=" khi x = y = z
Bạn ơi vì sao lại nhân với 9/4 mình tưởng chỉ nhân với 3/4 thôi chứ nhỉ
Ta có:
\(x+y+z=\frac{a-b}{a+b}+\frac{b-c}{b+c}+\frac{c-a}{c+a}\).
\(x+y+z=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)+\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
Ta có:
\(\left(a-b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)+\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\).
\(=\left(c+a\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)\left(b+c\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(a+b\right)\right]+\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\).
\(=\left(c+a\right)\left(ab+ac-b^2-bc+ab+b^2-ac-bc\right)\)\(+\left(c-a\right)\left(ab+ac+b^2+bc\right)\).
\(=\left(c+a\right)\left(2ab-2bc\right)-\left(a-c\right)\left(ab+ac+b^2+bc\right)\).
\(=2b\left(c+a\right)\left(a-c\right)-\left(a-c\right)\left(ab+ac+b^2+bc\right)\).
\(=\left(2bc+2ab\right)\left(a-c\right)-\left(a-c\right)\left(ab+ac+b^2+bc\right)\).
\(=\left(a-c\right)\left(2ab+2bc-ab-ac-b^2-bc\right)\).
\(=\left(a-c\right)\left(ab+bc-b^2-ac\right)=\left(a-c\right)\left[\left(ab-b^2\right)-\left(ac-bc\right)\right]\).
\(=\left(a-c\right)\left[b\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)\right]=\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\).
Do đó\(x+y+z=\frac{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=\frac{-\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\).
Mà \(xyz=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)nên:
\(x+y+z=-xyz\).
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z+xyz=0\)(điều phải chứng minh).