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\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+1}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+1}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\dfrac{9^2}{9+3}=\dfrac{27}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=3\)
Chứng minh BĐT \(\frac{x^2}{a}+\frac{y^2}{b}+\frac{z^2}{c}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{a+b+c}\) với \(\left(a,b,c>0\right)\)
Trước hết ta cm \(\frac{x^2}{a}+\frac{y^2}{b}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{a+b}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2b+y^2a}{ab}\ge\frac{x^2+y^2+2xy}{a+b}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2b+y^2a\right)\left(a+b\right)\ge ab\left(x^2+y^2+2xy\right)\)(vì tất cả các tử số và mẫu số đều dương)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2ab+y^2ab+x^2b^2+y^2a^2\ge abx^2+aby^2+2abxy\)\(\Leftrightarrow x^2b^2-2abxy+y^2a^2\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(xb-ya\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Vậy BĐT được cm
Để có đpcm thì ta chỉ cần áp dụng 2 lần BĐT ta vừa chứng minh xong:
\(\frac{x^2}{a}+\frac{y^2}{b}+\frac{z^2}{c}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{a+b}+\frac{z^2}{c}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{a+b+c}\)
Ta có \(ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\le3\Leftrightarrow abc\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{1+a^2\left(b+c\right)}\le\frac{1}{abc+a^2\left(b+c\right)}\)\(=\frac{1}{a\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{1}{3a}\)
\(CMTT\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+b^2\left(c+a\right)}\le\frac{1}{3b}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+c^2\left(a+b\right)}\le\frac{1}{3c}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{3a}+\frac{1}{3b}+\frac{1}{3c}\)\(=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{3abc}=\frac{1}{abc}\)
Biến đổi tương đương bất đẳng thức và chú ý đến \(x+y+z=1\)Ta được
\(\frac{x^2}{z}+\frac{y^2}{x}+\frac{z^2}{y}\ge3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{z}+\frac{y^2}{x}+\frac{z^2}{y}-\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-\left(x+y+z\right)^2\) ( trừ cả hai vế với (x+y+z)^2 )
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{z}+\frac{y^2}{x}+\frac{z^2}{y}-\left(x+y+z\right)\ge3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x-z\right)^2}{z}+\frac{\left(y-x\right)^2}{x}+\frac{\left(z-y\right)^2}{y}\ge\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(\frac{1}{x}-1\right)+\left(y-z\right)^2\left(\frac{1}{y}-1\right)+\left(z-x\right)^2\left(\frac{1}{z}-1\right)\ge0\)
Vì x + y + z = 1 nên 1/x; 1/y; 1/z > 1. Do đó bđt cuối cùng luôn đúng
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=3\)
Cách trâu bò :
Ta có :
\(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{c^2}+\frac{c}{â^2}\ge3\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{c^2}+\frac{c}{a^2}\right):\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\ge3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge3\)
+) \(ab+ac+bc=abc\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=6-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}6-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)>0\\\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\left[6-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\right]^2\end{cases}}\)
Còn lại phân tích nốt ra rùi áp dụng bđt cauchy là ra . ( Mình cũng ko chắc biến đổi đoạn đầu đúng chưa , có gì bạn xem lại giùm mình sai bỏ qua )
\(1+a^2=a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
Tương tự, ta có: \(1+b^2=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\)\(;\)\(1+c^2=\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)}}=\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\) ( do a, b, c dương )
\(\frac{a}{1+a^2}+\frac{b}{1+b^2}+\frac{c}{1+c^2}=\frac{a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
...
1a
\(A=\frac{3}{2ab}+\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^4+b^4}{2}\ge\frac{6}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2}}{2}\)
\(\ge10+\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\right]^2}{4}=10+\frac{1}{16}=\frac{161}{16}\)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vay \(A_{min}=\frac{161}{16}\)
1b.\(B=\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^8+b^8}{4}\ge\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{\frac{\left(a^4+b^4\right)^2}{2}}{4}\)
\(\ge6+\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2}\right]^2}{8}\ge6+\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\right]^2}{32}=6+\frac{1}{128}=\frac{769}{128}\)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vay \(B_{min}=\frac{769}{128}\)khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Svácxơ, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+1}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+1}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\dfrac{81}{12}=\dfrac{27}{4}\)
Dấu "=" ⇔ a=b=c=3
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+1}+\dfrac{9}{16}\left(b+1\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{9a^2\left(b+1\right)}{16\left(b+1\right)}}=\dfrac{3a}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^2}{c+1}+\dfrac{9}{16}\left(c+1\right)\ge\dfrac{3b}{2}\) ; \(\dfrac{c^2}{a+1}+\dfrac{9}{16}\left(a+1\right)\ge\dfrac{3c}{2}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT+\dfrac{9}{16}\left(a+b+c+3\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\dfrac{27}{4}\ge\dfrac{27}{2}\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{27}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=3\)
Vì a+b+c=1 nên \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}\)
\(=3+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\right)=2+\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{bc}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}\)
Do đó
\(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}\right)+\left(\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{bc}\right)+\left(\frac{ca}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}\right)+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}\cdot\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}}+2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{c^2+b^2}\cdot\frac{c^2+b^2}{bc}}+2\sqrt{\frac{ca}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{ca}}+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(=2\cdot\frac{1}{2}+2\cdot\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{3}=\frac{15}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{bc}{a^2+1}\le\frac{1}{4}.\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+a^2+c^2}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{4}.\left(\frac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2+b^2}\right)\)(1)
Tương tự ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{ac}{b^2+1}\le\frac{1}{4}.\left(\frac{a^2}{b^2+a^2}+\frac{c^2}{b^2+c^2}\right)\\\frac{ab}{c^2+1}\le\frac{1}{4}.\left(\frac{a^2}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2+b^2}\right)\end{cases}}\)
Cộng mấy cái trên vế theo vế ta được
\(\frac{bc}{a^2+1}+\frac{ac}{b^2+1}+\frac{ab}{c^2+1}\le\frac{1}{4}.\left(\frac{b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{a^2}{b^2+a^2}+\frac{c^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{a^2}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2+b^2}\right)\)
\(=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\frac{bc}{a^2+1}=\frac{bc}{a^2+b^2+a^2+c^2}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{bc}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{a^2+c^2}\right)\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{bc}{2ab}+\frac{bc}{2ac}\right)\)