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2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Fe + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2
nH2=\(\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}\)= 0,4 mol
Gọi số mol của Al và Fe trong 11 gam hỗn hợp là x và y mol ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=11\\1,5x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)=> x = 0,2 và y = 0,1
Theo tỉ lệ phương trình => nH2SO4 cần dùng = nH2 = 0,4 mol
=> VH2SO4 cần dùng = \(\dfrac{0,4}{2}\)= 0,2 lít
%mAl = \(\dfrac{0,2.27}{11}.100\)= 49,1% => %mFe = 100- 49,1 = 50,9%
a/ Fe + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) FeCl2 + H2
nH2 = \(\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: nH2 = nFe = 0,15 (mol) \(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=11-8,4=2,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{11}.100\%\approx76,4\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=100-76,4\approx23,6\%\)
b/ Theo PTHH ta có: nHCl = 2nFe = 2.0,15 = 0,3 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(M\right)\)
c/ mHCl = 36,5 . 0,3 = 10,95(g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{m_{HCl}}{m_{ddHCl}}.100\%=\dfrac{10,95}{200}.100\%=5,475\%\)
a, PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,15.56}{11}.100\%\approx76,36\%\\\%m_{Cu}\approx23,64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(l\right)\)
c, \(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{200}.100\%=5,475\%\)
PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
a_______a_______a_____a (mol)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
2b______3b__________b_____3b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27\cdot2b=11\\a+3b=0,2\cdot2=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{11}\cdot100\%\approx50,91\%\\\%m_{Al}=49,09\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,4\cdot22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\\C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) nH2SO4=0,4(mol)
Đặt: nFe=x(mol); nAl=y(mol) (x,y>0)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2
x________x______x______x(mol)
2Al + 3 H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2
y____1,5y_______0,5y_______1,5y(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=11\\x+1,5y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mFe=0,1.56=5,6(g)
=>%mFe=(5,6/11).100=50,909%
=>%mAl= 49,091%
b) V(H2,đktc)=0,4.22,4=8,96(l)
c) nAl2(SO4)3= 0,5y=0,5.0,2=0,1(mol)
nFeSO4=x=0,1(mol)
Vddsau=VddH2SO4=0,2(l)
=>CMddAl2(SO4)3= 0,1/0,2=0,5(M)
CMddFeSO4=0,1/0,2=0,5(M)
\(\text{Đặt }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ a,PTHH:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\end{matrix}\right.\\ b,\text{Theo đề ta có HPT: }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=8,3\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot27}{8,3}\approx32,53\%\\\%_{Fe}\approx67,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(c,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,1\cdot133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,1\cdot127=12,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\sum m_{muối}=13,35+12,7=26,05\left(g\right)\)
\(a,PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{22,4}{56}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ b,n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\\ c,m_{FeCl_2}=127.0,4=50,8\left(g\right)\)
a, Ta có: 27nAl + 56nFe = 0,83 (1)
PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{Fe}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,01.27}{0,83}.100\%\approx32,53\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx67,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, nH2SO4 = nH2 = 0,025 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,025.98}{20\%}=12,25\left(g\right)\)