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\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2 --to--> 2Fe + 3H2O
0,1---->0,3
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
0,3<--------------------0,3
=> m = 0,3.65 = 19,5 (g)
\(CTTQ:AO\\ \%m_O=20\%\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{16}{M_A+16}.100\%=20\%\\ \Leftrightarrow M_A=64\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\Rightarrow A:Đồng\left(Cu=64\right)\\ \Rightarrow X:CuO\\ \Rightarrow D\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,5a\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
Theo các pthh: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,5a=0,25a\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=0,25a.80\%=0,2a\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{giảm}=m_O=40-36,8=3,2\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn O: \(n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_O=\dfrac{3,2}{32}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow0,2a=0,1\Leftrightarrow a=2\)
nH2 = 1,2395/24,79 = 0,05 (mol)
PTHH: R + 2HCl -> RCl2 + H2
nR = 0,05 (mol)
M(R) = 2,8/0,05 = 56 (g/mol)
=> R là Fe
nH2 = 1,2395 : 24,79 = 0,05 (mol)
pthh : R + 2HCl ---> RCl2 + H2
0,05 <-----------------0,05 (mol)
=> MR = 2,8 : 0,05 = 56 (g/mol )
=> R : Fe
`n_[CuO]=[0,8]/80=0,01(mol)`
`H_2 + CuO` $\xrightarrow{t^o}$ `Cu + H_2 O`
`0,01` `0,01` `0,01` `(mol)`
`a)m_[Cu]=0,01.64=0,64(g)`
`b)V_[H_2]=0,01.22,4=0,224(l)`
`c)`
`Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl_2 + H_2`
`0,01` `0,02` `0,01` `(mol)`
`@m_[Fe]=0,01.56=0,56(g)`
`@m_[dd HCl]=[0,02.36,5]/20 . 100=3,65(g)`
Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{56}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(pthh:3Fe+2O_2\overset{t^o}{--->}Fe_3O_4\)
0,15 -> 0,1 -------> 0,05 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{O_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(lít\right)\\m_{Fe_3O_4}=0,05.232=11,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(3Fe+2O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Fe_3O_4\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{56}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2.n_{Fe}}{3}=\dfrac{2.0,15}{3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{n_{Fe}}{3}=\dfrac{0,15}{3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x=22,4.0,1=2,24\left(l\right)\\ y=232.0,05=11,6\left(g\right)\)
\(1.\\ n_A=\dfrac{16,8}{A}mol\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3mol\\ A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{16,8}{A}=0,3\\ \Rightarrow A=56g/mol\\ \Rightarrow A.là.Fe\\ \Rightarrow Chọn.A\\ 2.\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1mol\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1mol\\ V_{H_2}=0,1.24,79=2,479l\\ \Rightarrow Chọn.B\\ 3.\\ Axit:H_2SO_4;HCl\\ \Rightarrow Chọn.B\\ 4.\\ 3,719l\Rightarrow3,7185\\ CTHH:R\\ n_R=\dfrac{3,6}{R}mol\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0,15mol\\ R+2HCl\rightarrow RCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{3,6}{R}=0,15\\ \Rightarrow R=24g/mol,Mg\\ \Rightarrow Chọn.B\)
Bài 1:
\(n_M=\dfrac{16}{M_M}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2M + O2 --to--> 2MO
\(\dfrac{16}{M_M}\)---------->\(\dfrac{16}{M_M}\)
=> \(\dfrac{16}{M_M}\left(M_M+16\right)=20\)
=> MM = 64 (g/mol)
=> M là Cu
Bài 2:
\(n_R=\dfrac{16,2}{M_R}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2R + 3Cl2 --to--> 2RCl3
\(\dfrac{16,2}{M_R}\)------------>\(\dfrac{16,2}{M_R}\)
=> \(\dfrac{16,2}{M_R}\left(M_R+106,5\right)=80,1\)
=> MR = 27 (g/mol)
=> R là Al
1
ADDDLBTKL ta có
\(m_{O_2}=m_{MO}-m_M\\
m_{O_2}=20-16=4g\\
n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4}{32}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:2M+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MO\)
0,25 0,125
\(M_M=\dfrac{16}{0,25}=64\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
=> M là Cu
2
ADĐLBTKL ta có
\(m_{Cl_2}=m_{RCl_3}-m_R\\
m_{Cl_2}=80,1-16,2=63,9g\\
n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{63,9}{71}=0,9\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:2R+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2RCl_3\)
0,6 0,9
\(M_R=\dfrac{16,2}{0,6}=27\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
=> R là Al
\(2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\\ n_{CuO}=n_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{64}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,1}{2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\\ V_{kk\left(đktc\right)}=\dfrac{100.1,12}{20}=5,6\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{CuO}=0,1.80=8\left(g\right)\\ c,2R+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2RO\\ n_R=2.n_{O_2}=2.0,05=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ M_R=\dfrac{2,4}{0,1}=24\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow R:Magie\left(Mg=24\right)\)
nO2 = 2,24/22,4 = 0,1 (mol)
PTHH: 2R + O2 -> (t°) 2RO
nRO = 0,1 . 2 = 0,2 (mol)
M(RO) = 16,2/0,2 = 81 (g/mol)
<=> R + 16 = 81
<=> R = 65
<=> R là Zn
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V_{O_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)
\(m_{O_2}=n_{O_2}.M_{O_2}=0,1.32=3,2g\)
Vì R hóa trị II nên PTHH là:
\(2R+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2RO\)
2 1 2 ( mol )
0,2 0,1
Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng, ta có:
\(m_R=16,2-3,2=13g\)
\(M_R=\dfrac{m_R}{n_R}=\dfrac{13}{0,2}=65\) g/mol
\(\Rightarrow R\) là kẽm (Zn)