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PTHH: \(CuO+CO\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+CO_2\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3CO\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Fe+3CO_2\)
\(FeO+CO\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Fe+CO_2\)
\(Fe_3O_4+4CO\xrightarrow[]{t^o}3Fe+4CO_2\)
\(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3\downarrow+H_2O\)
Theo các PTHH: \(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{40}{100}=0,4\left(mol\right)=n_{CO_2}=n_{CO}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CO}=0,4\cdot28=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{CO_2}=0,4\cdot44=17,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng: \(m_{Oxit}+m_{CO}=m_{KL}+m_{CO_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Oxit}=m_{KL}+m_{CO_2}-m_{CO}=40+17,6-11,2=46,4\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3CO --to--> 2Fe + 3CO2
0,025<--0,075<----0,05
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,05<----------------0,05
=> mFe2O3 = 0,025.160 = 4 (g)
=> mCuO = 5,2 - 4 = 1,2 (g)
b) \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{1,2}{80}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + CO --to--> Cu + CO2
0,015-->0,015
=> VCO = (0,015 + 0,075).24,79 = 2,2311 (l)
\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{30}{100}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+CO_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+H_2O\)
\(..............0.3.........0.3\)
\(CO+O\rightarrow CO_2\)
\(......0.3......0.3\)
\(m_Y=m_R+m_O=40+0.3\cdot16=44.8\left(g\right)\)
\(Fe_2O_3 + 3CO \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe + 3CO_2\\ FeO + CO \xrightarrow{t^o} Fe + CO_2\\ Fe_3O_4 + 4CO \xrightarrow{t^o} 3Fe + 4H_2O\\ CuO + CO \xrightarrow{t^o} Cu + CO_2\\ CO_2 + Ca(OH)_2 \to CaCO_3 + H_2O\\ n_{CO_2} = n_{CaCO_3} = \dfrac{30}{100} = 0,3(mol)\\ CO + O_{oxit} \to CO_2\\ n_{O(oxit)} = n_{CO_2} = 0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m = m_{kim\ loại} + m_{O(oxit)} = 40 + 0,3.16 = 44,8(gam)\)
nO(mất đi) = \(n_{CO}+n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
=> mrắn(sau pư) = 40 - 0,15.16 = 37,6 (g)
\(n_{hh\left(CO,H_2\right)}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ m_{rắn}=m_{hh.oxit}-0,15.16=40-2,4=37,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m=37,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{\text{kết tủa}}=m_{CaCO_3}=7\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{7}{100}=0,07\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3\downarrow+H_2O\)
0,07<--------------------0,07
\(O+CO\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CO_2\)
0,07<--------0,07
\(\rightarrow m_O=0,07.16=1,12\left(g\right)\)
Áp dụng ĐLBTNT:
\(m=m_X=m_Y+m_O=2,8+1,12=3,92\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}=n_O=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ m_{rắn}=m_{kl}=m_{oxit}-m_O=31,2-0,5.16=23,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CO}=n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{13.2}{44}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CO}=0.3\cdot28=8.4\left(g\right)\)
BTKL :
\(m_X=40+13.2-8.4=44.8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{13,2}{44}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> nCO = 0,3 (mol)
Bảo toàn KL: mX + mCO = mY + mCO2
=> MX = 40 + 13,2 - 0,3.28 = 44,8(g)