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I. Use the correct tense or word forms :
- I look forward to (see)........................seeing.................. you.
- We suggest (run)......................running...................... around the park.
- She asked me when my school vacation (start).....................started.........................
- He (work).....................has worked/ has been working.............. here for many years .
- If we go on (litter).......littering......., the environment (become) ..........will become........... serious poluted.
- I suggest that you should (reuse)............ ……reuse………your bag.
- We suggest that buses should (use).........................be used.......................widely.
- You (buy)............ .......bought........……….a new car, didn’t you?
- They (learn) ............. ……have learnt.....................…….since 2001.
10. Air (pollute)............................pollution........................... can make people ill.
IV/ Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1.Tommy (watch) ........................was watching.......................TV when the phone rang.
2. I (not hear)...........................haven't heard...................... of him since we last met.
3.What a pity! He goes to bed so late. I wish he (not go)...................didn't go.................. to bed so late.
4. They (not eat) ................haven't eaten...................... that food before.
5. It is better if the litter (put) ............. …is put………….... on the bins.
1. We decided to go out for a meal _____because_______ we had no food at home.
2. He has a very important job ___so_________ he is parularly well-paid.
3. Can I borrow that book _____when _______ you’ve finished it?
4. You can drive a car _____if_______ you've got a license.
5. No one was watching the television _____so_______ I switched the television off.
6. ______Because______ she changed a lot, we didn't recognize her.
7. ______Unless______ you're ready, we can start now.
8. I'm going away for a few days. I’ll phone you _____when _______ I get back.
9. You should inform the police ____if________ your bicycle is stolen.
10. Matthew went to bed ______because______ it was too late to go out
1. He couldn’t meet you because of being busy
...He couldn’t meet you because he was busy .............................................................................................
2. Nobody can do this test because of its difficulty
.........Nobody can do this test because it 's difficult........................................................................
3. She went to bed early because of her sickness
....... She went to bed early because she was sick...........................
4. Two cars can't pass each other because the road is narrow
..........Two cars can't pass each other because of the narrow road.............................................................
5. We spent the whole day in the garden because the weather is lovely.
..............We spent the whole day in the garden because of the lovely wheather ...............................
6. We can’t swim in this part of the river because the water is highly polluted.
.........We can’t swim in this part of the river because of the fact that the water is highly polluted........................................
1) Because I am sick, I don't want to go out.
→ Because of my sickness, I do not go out.
2) Because the water is polluted, we cannot swim in this river.
→ Because of the polluted water, we can't swim in that river.
3) Because Na has a sore leg, she has difficulty in walking.
→ Because of a sore leg, she has difficulty in walking.
4) Because he behaved badly, he found himself in trouble.
→ Because of his bad behaviour, he found himself in trouble.
5) Because it was snowing, we didn't go out for a walk.
→ Because of snowing, we didn't go out for a walk.
6) Because of his serious sickness, he couldn't come to class.
→ Because he has a serious sick, he couldn't come to the class.
7) Because of your advice, we didn't use that poisonous chemical.
→ Because you advised us, we didn't use that poisonous chemical.
8) Because of their good performance, they won that match.
→ Because they performed well, they won the first prize.
9) Because of his good looks, he is popular with many girls.
→ Because he is good looking, he is popular with many girls.
10) Because of too much exhaust fume, people have to wear gauze masks in the streets.
→ Because there is so much exhaust fume, people have to wear gauze masks in the street.
Rewrite the sentences without changing the meaning.
1. He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.
→ If he didn't have to study for his exam, he could go out
2. She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.
→ If she weren’t lazy, she could pass the exam.
3. He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car.
→ If he pays me tonight, I would have enough money to buy a car.
4. He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.
→ If he didn't smoke too much, he would get rid of his cough
5. She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party.
→ If she weren’t shy, she could enjoy the party.
6. I get a work permit. I will stay for another month.
→ If I get a work permit, I will stay for another month
7. He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy.
→ If he didn’t take any exercises, he is so unhealthy
8. We can’t get the ket because I don’t have the right change.
→ If I had the right change,we could get the ket
9. Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.
→ If you study hard, you would pass the exam
10. Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.
→ If you are impatient, you will make mistakes.
1. The river which flows through Ho Chi Minh City is the Sai Gon River.
2. Mr Phong who is supposed to be at the meeting hasn’t come yet.
3. Our solar system is in a galaxy which is called the Milky Way.
4. I come from a city which is located in the southern part of the country.
5. I’ve recently gone back to the town where I was born.
6. Do you know the name of the hotel where John is staying?
7. There are some words which are very difficult to translate.
8. What is the name of the man whose car you borrowed?
9. This watch which I have lost costs a lot of money.
10. We were given a lot of information most of the which was useless.
Using " because of"
1. she can't work hard because she is very old.
............................she can't work hard because of being very old.....................................................
2. He likes her because she is very beautiful.
.....................He likes her because of her beauty...................................................
3. He couldn't go to school because he was very poor.
......................................He couldn't go to school because of being very poor........................................
4. I can't buy this bike because I don't have enough money.
.......................I can't buy this bike because of not having enough money........................................................
5. He broke the vase because he was careless.
...................He broke the vase because of being careless..........................................................
6. He failed the exam because he didn't learn the lesson carefully.
.................He failed the exam because of learning the lesson carelessly...............................................................
7. We can't go for a walk because it rains heavily.
................................We can't go for a walk because of the heavy rain............................................
8. He left school because his life was hard.
......................He left school because of his hard life .....................................................
9. She was very happy because she was given a new bike.
.................................She was very happy because of being given a new bike............................................
10. I went to bed early because I felt tired.
.....................I went to bed early because of feeling tired..................................................
1 If he didn't have to study for his exam,he could go out
2 If she weren't lazy,she could pass the exam
3 If he pays me tonight, I will have enough money to buy a car
4 If he didn’t smoke too much, he could get rid of his cough
5 If she weren’t very shy, she would enjoy the party
6 If I get a work permit,I will stay for another month
7 If he takes some excercises,he will be healthy
8 If I have the right change,we can get the ticket
9 If you study hard,you can pass the exam
10 If you aren't patient you wil make mistakes
11 If I had eaten lunch, I wouldn't feel hungry now
12 Unless they invite me,I will not come
13 If he had revised all his lesson,he wouldn't failed the exam
14 If you walk,it will take you 5 min to go to the park
15 Unless leave me alone,I will call the police
16 Should you arrive at the office earlier than I do, please turn on the air-conditioner
17 If it is snow,the children will not go to school
18 Had he died so young, he would have been a famous musician right now
19 Unless you tell me the whole truth,I won't have you
20 Were you to take good care of the car, it wouldnt break down so often
1. Mary doesn’t go to school because she is ill
=>Because of her illness ,Mary doesn’t go to school.
2. Our guests arrived late because of the heavy rain
=>Because it rained heavily, Our guests arrived late.
3. Because of my friend’s absence, I have to copy the lesson for him
=>Because my friend is absent .I have to copy the lesson for him
4. This boy is ignorant because he is lazy
=>Because of his laziness,This boy is ignorant.
5. My friend was absent because of his illness
=>Because my friend was ill,he was absent .
6. As he has behaved badly, he must be punished
=>Because of his bad behaivior,he must be punished.
7. Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his job
=>In spite of having a good salary,he was unhappy in his job.
8. We went out in spite of the rain
=>Although it rained,we went out.
9. Though he was poor, he wasn’t always unhappy
=>Despite being poor.he wasn’t always unhappy
10. The little boy crossed the street although the traffic was heavy
=>In spite of heavy traffic,The little boy crossed the street.
11. She decided to accept the job although the salary was low
=>Despite low salary,She decided to accept the job.
12. Although he had a bad cold, William still went to work
=>In spite of having a bad cold,William still went to work
13. Life is short, yet we still waste a lot of time
=>Though life is short,we still waste a lot of time.
14. In spite of all my careful plans, a lot of things went wrong
=>Although my plans were careful,a lot of things went wrong...
15. In spite of his age, Mr. Bensons runs seven miles before breakfast
=>Although Mr.benson is ols,he runs seven miles before breakfast
16. In spite of the bad weather, the pilot will bring the plane down safely
=>Though the weather is bad,the pilot will bring the plane down safely
17. Cars cause pollution but people still want them
=>Although Cars cause pollution , people still want them
18. Although his leg was broken, he managed to get out of the car
=>In spite of his broken leg,he managed to get out of the car
19. They got wet to the skin because of heavy rain
=>It rained heavily so They got wet to the skin
20. Not having enough money, I didn’t buy the computer
=>Because I don't have enough money, I didn’t buy the computer
21. The joke was funny, but no one laughed
=>Although The joke was funny,no one laughed
22. The café was crowded, but we found a table
=>Although The café was crowded, we found a table
23. Since he was careless, Tim lost his job
=>Because of his careless ness, Tim lost his job
24. She was seriously ill but she enjoyed life very much
=>Although She was seriously ill , she enjoyed life very much
25. He crashed his car although he drove carefully
=>Despite driving carefully, He crashed his car
26. Although the weather was very hot, they continued playing football
=>In spite of hot weather,they continued playing football
Sentence ←→ Noun Phrase:
1) In spite of being so lazy, he passed the exam.
--> Although he is so lazy, he passed the exam.
2) Despite being rich, he doesn't buy anything.
--> Though he is rich, he doesn't buy anything.
3) Inspite of her beauty, she is very lazy.
--> Even though she is beautiful, she is very lazy.
4) Despite the cloudy weather, they wanted to go for a walk.
--> They wanted to go for a walk although the weather was cloudy
5) Nam can finish his homework in spite of the difficult exercises.
--> Although the exercises are difficult , Nam can finish his homework
6) In spite of the bad weather, they wanted to go out.
--> Although the weather was bad, they wanted to go out.
7) Despite the heavy rain, the weather wasn't cold.
--> The weather wasn't cold although it rained heavily
8) Although she is ill, she goes to school every morning.
--> Despite being ill, she goes to school every morning.
9) The exercise was difficult but he could find the answer.
--> Athough The exercise was difficult he could find the answer.
10) I'm seriously sick, so i don't want to go out.
--> BecauseI'm seriously sick, i don't want to go out.
11) Because of the polluted water, we can't swim in the water.
--> Because the water is polluted , we can't swim in the water.
12) As a fast runner, he won the prize.
--> Because he ran fast, he won the prize.
13) Because of the heavy rain, we didn't go out for a walk.
--> Because it rained heavily, we didn't go out for a walk.
Sentence ←→ Noun Phrase:
1) In spite of being so lazy, he passed the exam.
--> Although he was so lazy,he passed the exam.
2) Despite being rich, he doesn't buy anything.
--> Though he is rich,he doesn't buy anything.
3) Inspite of her beauty, she is very lazy.
--> Even though she is beautiful,she is very lazy.
4) Despite the cloudy weather, they wanted to go for a walk.
--> They wanted to go for a walk although the weather is cloudy
5) Nam can finish his homework in spite of the difficult exercises.
--> Although the exercises are difficult,Nam can finish his homework.
6) In spite of the bad weather, they wanted to go out.
--> Although the weather was bad,they wanted to go out.
7) Despite the heavy rain, the weather wasn't cold.
--> The weather wasn't cold although it rained heavily.
8) Although she is ill, she goes to school every morning.
--> Despite her illness,she goes to school every morning.
9) The exercise was difficult but he could find the answer.
--> Athough the exercise was difficult,he could find the answer.
10) I'm seriously sick, so i don't want to go out.
--> Because I'm seriously sick,I don't want to go out.
11) Because of the polluted water, we can't swim in the water.
--> Because the water is polluted,we can't swim in the water.
12) As a fast runner, he won the prize.
--> Because he ran so fast,he won the prize.
13) Because of the heavy rain, we didn't go out for a walk.
--> Because it rained heavily,we didn't go out for a walk
I. Rewrite:
1. We can’t swim in this river because the water is polluted.
Because of the polluted water, we can't swim in this river
2. We can’t come to the party on time since there are a lot of trafficon the streets.
Because of a lot of traffic on the streets, we can't come to the party
3. Although he was sick, he wanted to go out. ( but)
He was sick but he wanted to go out
4. I can’t buy this bike because I don’t have enough money. ( therefore)
I don't have enough money; therefore, I can't buy this bike
5. He failed the exam as he didn’t learn lessons.
Because he didn't learn lessons, he failed the exam
6. I can’t go to school to day because I have a toothache.
Since I have a toothache, I can't go to school
7. Nobody can answer this question because of its difficult.
Because this question is difficult, nobody can answer it
8. He can’t play basketball because of his height.
Because he was not tall, he can't play basketball
9. He can’t meet you because of being busy.
Since he is busy, he can't meet you
Although the wether was bad, they decided to go for a pinic
Because of the rain, we decide to postpone our trip
Though I felt tired, I had to finish this work
Because of being old, she can't work