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Rewrite the following sentences, replace the relative clauses by present participle phrases.
2. Who was that good looking man who is talking to Alison?
Who was that good looking man talking to Alison ?
3. The nurse who is looking after my aunt is very kind to her.
The nurse looking after my aunt is very kind to her
4. The road which joins the two villages is very narrow
The road joining the two villages is very narrow
5. Students who arrive late will not be permitted to enter the classroom.
Students arriving late will not be permitted to enter the classroom
6. All the rubbish that is floating in the sea is a real danger to health
All the rubbish floating in the sea is a real danger to health
7. Thompson is the most famous actreess who appears on stage here.
Thompson is the most famous actreess to appear on stage here8. Daniel was the most suitable candidate who applied for the job.
Daniel was the most suitable candidate to apply for the job
9. The helicopter which was flying toward the lake made a low droning sound.
The helicopter flying toward the lake made a low droning sound
10. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
Rewrite the following sentences, replace the relative clauses by present participle phrases.
2. Who was that good looking man talking to Alison?
3. The nurse looking after my aunt is very kind to her.
4. The road joining the two villages is very narrow
5. Students arriving late will not be permitted to enter the classroom.
6. All the rubbish floating in the sea is a real danger to health
7. Thompson is the most famous actreess appearing on stage here.
8. Daniel was the most suitable candidate applying for the job.
9. The helicopter flying toward the lake made a low droning sound.
10. The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
Nowadays in the news you can read a lot about biotechnology and the controversies about it and perhaps you ask yourself what it is exactly. Well, this article is going to give you a brief history of the field of biotechnology and show you that, although the word “biotechnology” was first used in 1919, we have been using biotechnology for many thousands of years in ways that are completely uncontroversial. It will also look at the more modern developments which have started intense debate. When you are drinking a cold beer on a hot day, or eating a delicious cheese sandwich, you can thank biotechnology for the pleasure you are experiencing. That’s right! Beer, bread and cheese are all produced using biotechnology. Perhaps a definition will be useful to understand how. A standard definition is that biotechnology (or biotech for short) is the application of science and engineering to the direct or indirect use of living organisms. And as you know, the food and drink above are all produced by the fermentation of micro-organisms. In beer, the yeast multiplies as it eats the sugars in the mixture and turns them into alcohol and CO2. This ancient technique was first used in Egypt to make bread and wine around 4000BC! Antibiotics are used to prevent and treat diseases, especially those caused by bacteria. They are natural substances that are created by bacteria and fungi. The first antibiotic was made in China in about 500BC – to cure boils. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin and it was considered a medical miracle. Modern research is looking at the creation of super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them. Our modern consumer society produces a lot of waste which needs to be disposed of safely and without harmful end products. Environmental biotechnology can help. Indeed, the use of bacteria to treat sewage was first practiced in 1914 in Manchester, England. Vermiculture or using worms to treat waste is another environmentally-friendly practice and the end product is a natural fertiliser. Bacteria have even been developed to help with problems such as oil spills. They convert crude oil and gasoline into non-toxic substances such as carbon dioxide, water and oxygen and help create a cleaner, healthier environment. These examples of biotechnology are accepted by most people. However, the discovery of the DNA structure by Watson and Crick in 1953 was the beginning of the modern era of genetics and the following areas of biotech are very controversial. Read on… The genetic modification of plants and crops has been in practice for many years. This involves changing the genetic code of these plants so that they are more resistant to bad conditions like drought, floods and frost. Supporters of GM food say that it can offer the consumer better quality, safety and taste and for over a decade Americans have been eating GM food. However, things are very different in Europe where genetically modified food is very strictly regulated and regarded with deep suspicion by the public. GM food has even been called “Frankenfood” in the press, a term inspired by the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. There is a great cultural divide between America and Europe over whether such food is safe to eat and will not harm the environment and the discussion is still in progress. 1997 saw the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first animal cloned from an adult cell. This was a remarkable achievement which created world-wide debate on the ethical issues surrounding cloning. International organisations such as the European parliament, UNESCO and WHO all declared that human cloning is both morally and legally wrong. However, we need to make a distinction between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Nowadays the idea of reproductive cloning – creating a copy of another person - is no longer interesting for researchers. Instead therapeutic cloning is creating excitement in the biotech world. Key to this technique is stem cells, which are master cells that have the potential to become any other kind of cell in the body e.g. nerve cells, blood, heart muscle or even brain cells. Stem cells themselves have generated a lot of controversy as it was believed that only human embryos could provide them. However, it now appears that adult stem cells offer the same possibility. This would mean that a patient who suffered a heart attack could provide doctors with his adult stem cells which could then be implanted back into his heart and used to create heart muscle, replacing the muscle that was damaged. As the genetic code is identical, there would be no problem of the body rejecting the implant as, unfortunately, happens with organ transplants. In the future, biotechnologists hope that stem cells could be used to grow entire organs. In this way biotechnology offers the hope of revolutionising medical treatment. In this brief overview of the history of biotechnology we have jumped from making bread to making human organs - an enormous leap- and it is clear that these modern practices raise many controversial issues. However, despite the debate, we can imagine that as biotechnology has been around for many years, it will still be around for some time to come - but who knows where it will take us?
Questions:
After reading, choose the best answer for the following questions
1. What is the main topic of the article?
Brief history and modern developments of biotechnology
Benefit of biotechnology
Modern research in biotechnology
2. What does the pronoun "IT" in the first paragraph refer to?
Biotechnology
The article
The word "Biotechnology"
3. Which products were first made with fermentation of micro-organisms?
Beer, bread and cheese
Bread and wine
Beer and cheese
Decide whether the statement below is True or False.
4. Alexander Fleming discovered super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them.
TrueFalse
5. GM food is easily available in the U.S. and Europe.
TrueFalse
6.Researchers believe that adult stem cells could be used to create body parts.
TrueFalse
Change all of the adjective clauses to adjective phrases
1. My father, who is a pilot, often goes abroad
=> My father, a pilot, often goes abroad
2. We have a few exercises that we have to do
=> We have a few exercises to to
3. Animals that are born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those that are captured in the wild
=> Animals born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those captured in the wild
4. She simply loves parties. She's always the first who come and the last who goes
=> She simply loves parties. She's always the first person to come and the last to go.
5. People who they are protesting against pollution have gathered in front of the Town Hall
=> People protested against pollution have gathered in front of the Town Hail.
6. A new international airport which will cost 20 billion dollars is planned
=> A new international airport costing 20 billion dollars is planned.
7. Your son was the second child who was kipnapped in this way
=> Your son was the second child to be kidnapped in this way.
8. Families who were living in an empty office building
=> Families (thiếu động từ chính)
9. Brad was the only person who discovered her secret
=> Brad was the only person to discover her secret
10. A chemical company which employed 4,000 people has gone bankrupt
=> A chemical company employing 4,000 people has gone bankrupt.
11. A new drug which was developed at an American university may give us eternal youth
=> A new drug developed at an American university may give us eternal youth
12. I have some letters that I must write
=> I have some letters to write
13. She is the only woman who was appointed to the board
=> She is the only woman to be appointed to the board.
14. Who was the first person who left the office yesterday?
=> Who was the first person to leave the office yesterday?
15. We had a bottle of wine, but we didn't have anything that we could open it with
=> We had a bottle of wine, but we didn't have anything to open it with.
find and correct mistakes in the following sentences
1 we took part in a six-hours=>six-hour journey to the eastern coats
2 different kinds of newspapers are arranging=>arranged on the shelves
3therre are a little=>few activities that we can do after the meeting
4 Hung really wishes that we can=>could take part in the game
5 they're going to get their house to decorate=>decorated for the Christmas
6 I used to sit next to a man who his=>whose name is Michael Faraday
7 I'd rather typing=>type this letter than write it because it's faster
8 he drives too=>so fast that no one likes to ride with him
9 the novel writing=>written by Mark Twain attracts a lot of children
10 thank you very much for your letter,who=>which came yesterday
I. Use the correct form of the words to complete each of the following sentences
impairment, charity, disability, donate, preference, integration, respectful, campaign, discriminate, appreciate
1. Buses and trains need to reserve some special seats or areas for women with babies, the elderly and the __disabled___________
2. Those who do noisy jobs such as airport ground staff or construction workers for a long time are likely to have hearing _______impairment___
3. It is crucial for teenagers to participate in ___charitable__________ work of any kind. That helps them learn how to care and share.
4. Both parents and teachers need to teach children to have a _______respectful___ attitude to the elderly.
5. Making a small ____donation______ to a charity helps young people be aware of the value of money.
6. To many students, working with a tutor is _______preferred____ to working with a peer.
7. Jane's mother always ______appreciated_____ her attempt to fulfill her duties even when she was not successful.
8. Jaden was involved in planning an election _____campaign____ for the president of his country.
9. It is significantto ____intergrate_____ children with special needs into ordinary schools so that they are more accepted by their community.
10. Racial_______discrimination___ doesn't seem to be ended, even in multicultural countries like America or Canada.
II.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. A: A new house ___________ for the homeless children.
B: Really? When ___________ it built?
A. has been built / has been
B. built / was
C. was built / was
D. has been built/ was
2.The Prime Minister ___________ our university. He __________ to students about the orientation for their future career early today.
A. has visited / spoke
B. visited / spoke
C. has visited / has spoken
D. visited / was speaking
3. At the last meeting, the Student Union ________ to hold a craft and art exhibition to raise money for the kids who _______ from cancer.
A. has decided / suffered
B. decided / suffer
C. has decided / suffer
D. decided/ suffered4
IV. Find the mistakes
1. Newly-born infants should BE screened for their HEARING in order to receive early TREATMENT if it is IMPAIRMENT. => impaired
2. The aircraft OF Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 , which HAS DISAPPEARED => disappearedon the 8th OF March 2014, HAS not been recovered.
3. The findings of a study show that students HAVE CHANGED their attitude TOWARDS the poor after INVOLVE=> involving/ having involved in some CHARITABLE work.
4>The persons with DISABILITIES in Malaysia will have MORE to smile about because several LOCAL companies are now OFFERED => offering jobs to them.
5. MORE AND MORE organizations have BEEN recently FOUND=> founded to have helped the poor and ORPHANS in Vietnam.
6. It is BELIEVED that people are HAPPIER THAN=> happier when they help OTHERS.
(1-10) Choose the word or phrase that best fits the blank space in each sentence: 1/ Although I am very busy, I try to find time to __________ to my grandparents every weekend. A.take a break B. pay a visit C. look after D. take care 2/ It takes me about three hours __________ the report. A. to suffer B. to succeed C. to complete D. to invent 3/ Most people are interested in the ________ of photographs taken by disabled students. A. population B. environment C. popularity D. exhibition 4/ The deaf and dumb use sign language to __________ . A. speak B. control C. communicate D. speaks 5/ _____ farming is a hard work, I enjoy country life. A. Although B. However C. Because D. Since 6/ Choose the best response: “ Who’s Sam? – “ ___________ .” A. The handsome guy near the door B. I’m afraid I missed him C. I want to see it D. He really likes it 7/ We must learn English at school because it’s a(n) _________ subject. A. optional B. compulsory C. international D. national 8/ What is the __________ of your country? – About over 80 million people. A. separation B. introduction C. impression D. population 9/ The advertisement said Academy of language had many ________ and native English teachers.. A. information B. well-qualified C. experience D. time-consuming 10/ Nobody can deny the __________ of the internet in our life. A. benefits B. inspiration C. information D. reputation
(11-12) Choose the underlined word or phrase(A,B,C, or D) that needs correcting: 11/ His mother is one which -> who taught him the first lesson on kindness. A B C D 12/ My dear friends, I wish you will visit -> would visit us someday this summer. A B C D
(13-16) Use the correct tense or form of the verbs in parentheses. 13/ She suggests we should travel by bikes instead of by motorbikes to save energy. (travel) 14/ When it began to rain, the children were playing in the yard. ( play) 15/ My father worked for the telephone company twenty years ago. ( work) 16/ We used to live in Da Lat, but now we live in Ho Chi Minh City. (live)
17-22) Use the correct form of the words in parentheses: 17/ The crowd shouted excitedly when Zidane scored the first goal for the French team. ( excite) 18/ Huy Dat was unsuccessful in finding his lost bicycle, so he decided to buy a new one ( succeed) 19/ His new car consumes a lot of fuel. ( consumer) 20/ Tsunami, earthquakes and typhoons are natural disasters . (disastrous) 21/ Their aim was ti free women from domestic slavery . ( slave) 22/ It would be more economical to turn off the air-conditioner before leaving . ( economy)
(23-28) Choose the word or phrase that best fits the blank space in the following passage: About 50 or so kinds of modern plastic are made fromoil, gas, or coal-non-renewable natural resources. We (23)___________ well over three million tones of the stuff in Japan each year and, sooner or late, most of it is thrown away. A high (24) ________ of our annual consumption is in the form of packaging and this constitutes about seven percent by weight, of our domestic (25) ___________ . Almost all of it can be recycled, but very little of it is, though the plastic recycling (26) ________ is growing fast. The plastic itself has extremely rich energy. It also has higher calorific ( 27) _________ than coal and one (28) __________ of “ recovery” strongly favored by plastic manufacturers is the conversion of waste plastic into a fuel.
23/ A. import B. remove C. consume D. consign 24/ A. rate B. proportion C. portion D. amount 25/ A. goods B. refuse C. rubble D. requirements 26/ A. plant B. manufacture C. industry D. factory 27/ A. value B. degree C. effect D. demand 28/ A. mechanism B. measure C. medium D. method Answer:
(29-32) Read the dialogue and then decide whether the statements that follow are true or false. Write True or False in your answersheet: At high school Sally Ride became interested in science. At the university she studied English and Physics. After completing her study at Stanford University, She worked as a researcher. In 1977 she was one of 1000 women and 7,000 men who applied for the astronaut training program. She was 25. She was one of the 35 women who were accepted to start the program in 1978. As part of her training she learned to be a jet pilot and a flight engineer. She married during her training. Her husband , Hawley, is also an astronaut.
They do not plan to have any children yet. When NASA decided to put a woman into space, none of Sally’s friends were surprised that they choose Sally. She has always been a person who wanted to go further. So when the space suttle Challenger carries her on her first mission into space, Sally did what she had often done before: she left the world behind. ____ 29/ She was the first American woman to go into space. T 30/ Sally was the jet pilot before she entered the space program. F 31/ More men entered the space program. T 32/ Sally and her husband want to have children soon. F (33-36) Rewrite the sentences so that they are nearest in meaning to the sentence printed before them.
33/ Everyone loves Hong Nhung because she behaves well.
Because of her good behaviour, everyone loves Hong Nhung
34/ Although It rained heavily, we still went to school.
Despite the heavy rain, we still went to school
35/ His father used to tell him what to do.
He used to be told what to do by his father
36/ They said that Gia Hy is the best student in his class.
Gia Hy is said to be the best student in his class
1. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon
=> Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon
2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country .
=> I come from a city located in the southern part of the country .
3. The children who attend that school receive a good education .
=> The children attending that school receive a good education .
4. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress .
=> The scientists researching the causes of cancer are making progress .
5. They live in a house that was built in 1980 .
=> They live in a house built in 1980 .
6. We have an apartment which overlooks the park .
=> We have an apartment overlooking the park .
7. Yuri Gagarin became the first man who flied in to space .
=> Yuri Gagarin became the first man to fly in to space .
8. We stood on the bridge which connects the two halves of the building .
=> We stood on the bridge connecting the two halves of the building .
9. I come from a city which is located in the southern part of the country.
=> I come from a city located in the southern part of the country.
10. The vegetables which are sold in this supermarket are grown without chemicals.
=> The vegetables sold in this supermarket are grown without chemicals.
11. Do you know the woman who is coming toward us ?
=> Do you know the woman coming toward us ?
12. The people who was waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet .
=> The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet .
13. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country .
=> I come from a city located in the southern part of the country .
14. They live in a house that was built in 1890.
=> They live in a house built in 1890.
15. He was the first man who left the burning building .
=> He was the first man to leave the burning building .
16. The couple who live in the house next door are both college professors
=> The couple living in the house next door are both college professors
17. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet .
=> The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet .
18. The students who did not come to the class yesterday explain their absence to the teacher .
=> The students not coming to the class yesterday explain their absence to the teacher .
19. Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting ?
=> Did you get the message concerning the special meeting ?
20. Lan is the second student who entered the classroom this morning .
=> Lan is the second student to enter the classroom this morning .
xe đạp được biết như là loại xe ưu tú, năng động. Xe đạp không quá đắt, dễ tìm thấy ở quanh ta họ đều rao bán. Mặt khác xe đạp rất bền đi thoải mái và không lo ùn tắc giao thông xảy ra.Với lộ trình ngắn, tốc độ di chuyển chậm, xe đạp quảng cáo giúp thu hút nhiều khách hàng hơn với một địa điểm mà doanh nghiệp đã xác định trong bản kế hoạch. Sử dụng cho học sinh khi đi học, hay tập thể dục,...Vì vậy xe đạp được rất nhiều nguời tin dùng và sử dụng.