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\(n_{Cu}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_X=64a+56b=16.2\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{8.96}{22.4}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn e :
\(2a+3b=0.4\cdot2=0.8\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.0475,b=0.235\)
\(\%Cu=\dfrac{0.0475\cdot64}{16.2}\cdot100\%=18.76\%\)
\(\%Fe=81.24\%\)
\(b.\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{0.0475}{0.235}=\dfrac{19}{94}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Cu}=19x\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=94x\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_X=19x\cdot64+94x\cdot56=22\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{11}{3240}\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11}{3240}\cdot94=\dfrac{517}{1620}\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=7.15\left(l\right)\)
1) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow64a+56b=18,4\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=0,35\cdot2=0,7\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot64}{18,4}\cdot100\%\approx69,57\%\\\%m_{Fe}=30,43\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
2) PTHH: \(NaOH+SO_2\rightarrow NaHSO_3\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{NaOH}=n_{SO_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,35}{2}=0,175\left(l\right)=175\left(ml\right)\)
\(1) n_{Cu} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 64a + 56b = 18,4(1)\\ n_{SO_2} = \dfrac{7,84}{22,4} = 0,35(mol)\)
Bảo toàn electron :
\(2a + 3b = 0,35.2(2)\\ (1)(2) \Rightarrow a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1\\ \%m_{Cu} = \dfrac{0,2.64}{18,4}.100\% = 69,57\%\\ \%m_{Fe} = 100\%-69,57\% = 30,43\%\\ 2) NaOH + SO_2 \to NaHSO_3\\ n_{NaOH} = n_{SO_2} = 0,35(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd\ NaOH} = \dfrac{0,35}{2} = 0,175(lít)\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(FeO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{FeO}=\dfrac{12,8-56.0,1}{72}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
12,8 g hh X ------> 0,1 mol Fe và 0,1 mol FeO
=> 6,4g hh X ------> 0,05 mol Fe và 0,05 mol FeO
2Fe + 6H2SO4 → Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
2FeO + 4H2SO4 → 4H2O + Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2
=> \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Fe}+\dfrac{1}{2}n_{FeO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
SO2 + Ca(OH)2→ CaSO3 + H2O
Vì kết tủa nên khối lượng dung dịch giảm : \(m_{thêm}-m_{mất}=0,1.64+0,1.74-0,1.120=1,8\left(g\right)\)
Fe+ H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2
0,1___0,1______0,1__0,1(mol)
FeO+ H2SO4-> FeSO4 + H2O
=>mFe= 0,1.56=5,6(g)
=>%mFe=(5,6/12.8).100=43.75%
=>%mFeO=56,25%
6,4gam hh X => Số mol giảm đi 1/2
nFe=0,05(mol)=nCu
PTHH: 2 Fe + 6 H2SO4(đ)-to-> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3 SO2 + 6 H2O
0,05_______0,15__________0,025________0,075(mol)
Cu+ 2 H2SO4(đ) -to-> CuSO4 + SO2 + H2O
0,05___0,1_________0,05____0,05(mol)
=> nSO2=0,125(mol)
PTHH: SO2 + Ca(OH)2 -> CaSO3 + H2O
0,125_______0,125_____0,125(mol)
=> KL dung dịch giảm.
KL giảm:
0,125.64 + 0,125.74 - 0,125.120=2,25(g)
Chúc em học tốt!
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Zn + H2SO4 (loãng) ---> ZnSO4 + H2
0,2<--------------------------------------0,2
Zn + 2H2SO4 (đặc) ---> ZnSO4 + SO2↑ + 2H2O
0,2--->0,4------------------------------->0,2
Cu + 2H2SO4 ---> CuSO4 + SO2↑ + 2H2O
0,2<--0,4<------------------------0,2
b, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{13+12,8}.100\%=50,4\%\\\%m_{Cu}=100\%-50,4\%=49,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, PTHH:
SO3 + H2O ---> H2SO4
0,4<---------------0,4
2SO2 + O2 --to, V2O5--> 2SO3
0,4<---------------------------0,4
4FeS2 + 11O2 --to--> 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
0,2<--------------------------------------0,4
=> \(m_{FeS_2}=\dfrac{0,2.120}{100\%-20\%}=30\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{FeO}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_X=56a+72b=12.8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2.24}{22.4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0.1\)
\(b=\dfrac{12.8-56\cdot0.1}{72}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(BTe:\)
\(3n_{Fe}+n_{FeO}=2n_{SO_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{3\cdot0.1+0.1}{2}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{SO_2}=0.2\cdot22.4=4.48\left(l\right)\)
\(\)
Đáp án C.
Kim loại không phản ứng với H2SO4 loãng là Cu.
Gọi nCu = x, nMg = y, nAl = z
Ta có:
64x + 24y + 27z = 33,2 (1)
Bảo toàn e:
2nMg + 3nAl = 2nH2
=> 2y + 3z = 2.1 (2)
2nCu = 2nSO2 => x = 0.2 (mol) (3)
Từ 1, 2, 3 => x = 0,2; y = z = 0,4 (mol)
mCu = 0,2.64 = 12,8 (g)
mMg = 0,4.24 = 9,6 (g)
mAl = 10,8 (g)
a, \(Fe+H_2SO_{4\text{loãng}}\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_{4\text{đặc}}\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+SO_2+H_2O\)
\(Cu+H_2SO_{4\text{đặc}}\rightarrow CuSO_4+SO_2+H_2O\)
Bảo toàn e:
\(2n_{Cu}+3n_{Fe}=2n_{SO_2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{Cu}=\dfrac{2n_{SO_2}-3n_{Fe}}{2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=m_{Cu}+m_{Fe}=0,25.64+0,5.56=44\left(g\right)\)
a) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)=b=n_{Fe}\\n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+3b=2\) \(\Rightarrow2a+3\cdot0,5=2\) \(\Rightarrow a=n_{Cu}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=m_{Cu}+m_{Fe}=0,25\cdot64+0,5\cdot56=44\left(g\right)\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(p/ư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{e\left(traođổi\right)}+n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot2+1=2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{H_2SO_4\left(đặc\right)}=2\cdot110\%=2,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{2,2\cdot98}{98\%}=220\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{220}{1,84}\approx119,57\left(ml\right)\)
c) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{SO_2}=1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,4\cdot1,5=0,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo 2 muối
PTHH: \(2SO_2+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ba\left(HSO_3\right)_2\)
2x x x (mol)
\(SO_2+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow BaSO_3\downarrow+H_2O\)
y y (mol)
Ta lập được hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,6\\2x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=n_{Ba\left(HSO_3\right)_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{Ba\left(HSO_3\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,4}=1\left(M\right)\)