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\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m_{Al}}{M_{Al}}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1mol\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,1 > 0,2 ( mol )
0,1 0,15 0,05 0,15 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=n_{H_2}.22,4=0,15.22,4=3,36l\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(du\right)}=n_{H_2SO_4\left(du\right)}.M_{H_2SO_4}=\left(0,2-0,15\right).98=4,9g\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n.M=0,05.342=17,1g\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1mol\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,1 0,2 0 0
0,1 0,15 0,1 0,15
0 0,05 0,1 0,15
Chất dư sau phản ứng là \(H_2SO_4\) và dư 0,05mol.
\(m_{H_2SO_4dư}=0,05\cdot98=4,9g\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\cdot342=34,2g\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
(mol)_____0,2____0,2______0,2____0,2__
\(a.V_{H_2}=22,4.0,2=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(b.m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.98.100}{24,5}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(c.m_{ddspu}=13+80-0,2.2=92,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{ddspu}=\dfrac{0,2.136}{92,6}.100=29,4\left(\%\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{27}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(0.2..........0.3...............0.1...........0.3\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0.3\cdot98=29.4\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{29.4\cdot100}{20}=147\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0.1\cdot342=34.2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng }}=5.4+147-0.3\cdot2=151.8\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{34.2}{151.8}\cdot100\%=22.53\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(\left(mol\right)\) \(0,2\) \(0,6\) \(0,2\) \(0,3\)
\(a.m=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ a=\dfrac{36,5.0,6.100}{7,3}=300\left(g\right)\\ b.\)
\(AlCl_3-\) Nhôm clorua
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\\ c.m_{H_2}=0,3.2=0,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(0.2........0.6..........0.2.............0.3\)
\(m_{Al}=0.2\cdot27=5.4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0.6\cdot36.5=21.9\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{21.9}{7.3\%}=300\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0.2\cdot133.5=26.7\left(g\right)\)
( Nhôm clorua )
\(m_{H_2}=0.3\cdot2=0.6\left(g\right)\)
\(a,n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_{4\left(loãng\right)}\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ Theo.pt:n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,4=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ b,PTHH:RO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}R+H_2O\\ Mol:0,6\leftarrow0,6\rightarrow0,6\\ M_R=\dfrac{38,4}{0,6}=64\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow R.là.Cu\)
a) $n_{Al} = \dfrac{10,8}{27} = 0,4(mol)$
$2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$
$n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,6(mol)$
$V_{H_2} =0,6.22,4 = 13,44(lít)$
b) $n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al} = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,2.342 =68,4(gam)$
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